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Nutrition
Vitamins, Minerals, Diets, etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Folic Acid Sources | Green leafy veggies, Dried peas & beans, liver, seeds, orange juice, cereals & breads |
| Pernicious Anemia | Caused by lack of protein....most common form of vit B12 deficiency |
| Anemia | Reduction of RBC's |
| In clientsd with HIV/AIDsm provide high protein amounts of ... | 1.2 - 2.0 g/kg |
| In clients with HIV/AIDs, increase caloric needs from: | 35 - 45 cal/kg. |
| Cancer can affect nutritional status how... | anorexia, increase in metabolism, negative nitrogen balance |
| ARF - Acute Renal Failure | An abrupt, rapid decline in renal function. |
| What must be restricted in ESRD? | Phosphorus |
| Dietary therapy for Pre-ESRD is to... | preserve remaining function by limiting the intakek of protein and phosphorus. |
| Saturated fat should account for how much total calories? | 10% |
| Dawn Phenomenon | Elevation of blood glucose around 0500 to 0600 a.m. (Results of overnight release of growth hormone. |
| Somagyi's Phenomenon | Morning hyperglycermia in response to overnight hypoglycemia |
| Glucose level that requires immediate reation? | 70 mg/dl or lessor higher than 250mg/dl |
| Hyperglycemia | Abnormally high glucose level. |
| Hypoglycemia | Abnormally low glucose level. |
| Types of Diabetes | Type One, Type Two, Gestational |
| Risk factors for malnutrition | Biophysical, Psychological, Socioeconomical |
| Differences in nitrogen balance | normal is =sick is -growing is + |
| How much of tal dietary intake should be from lipids? | 20 - 35%10% min. for brain function |
| Due to high content of destro, what should the nurse check? | Glucose level |
| Catabolism | breaking down of substances |
| Anabolism | Building up of substances |
| Fiber | The substance in plant foods that is indigestible. Categorized as a carbohydrate but does not provide energy. |
| Signs of Malnutrition | Dry, brittle hair / poor wound healing / lack of sq. fat or muscle wasting / abnormal cardiovascular measurements / general weakness or impaired condition / low albumin levels |
| # of glasses of water to drink each day to maintain fluid balance | 6 - 8 |
| BMI | Indicates body fatness |
| MBR | Rate at which food energy is burned |
| BMR | Amt. of energy used at rest |
| Metabolic Rate | Rate at whch food energy is burned |
| Metabolism | The sum of all chemical processes that occur on a cellular level in order to maintain homeostasis |
| What is assessed for proper hydration | skin turgor, mental status, orthostatic blood pressures, urine output/concentration, moistness of mucous membranes |
| Balanced Input/Output Ratio | 1:1 |
| Recommended adult fluide intake | Men, 3-4 L/dayWomen, 2-3 L/day |
| Iron food sources | Organ meats, egg yolks, whole grains, green leafy veggies. |
| Iodine | Used for synthesis of thyroxine. Def. causes a goiter. |
| How many calories per gram of energy does each source of nutrition give you? | Proteins -4,k Carbs -4, Lipids -9 |
| What is left in the blood when R & W blood cells are removed? | Plasma, Proteins, Platelets |
| Enteral Nutrition | Used when the patient is unable to consume adequate nutrients and calories. |
| Minerals | Used at every cellular level for metabolic exchanges. |
| Mineral Categories | 7 Major Minerals and 10 Trace Elements |
| Lipids | Chemical group of fats |
| Lipids/Fats | Triglycerides, Phospholipids, sterols, saturated and unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, Essential fatty acids |
| VLDL | Carries triglycerides to tissue |
| LDL | Carries cholesterol to tissues |
| HDL | Removes excess cholesterol from tissues |
| Proteins | Organic compounds made of amino accids - provided by plant and animal tissue. |
| 3 types of proteins | Complete, Incomplete, Complementary |
| Amino Acids | Building blocks of proteins and muscle tissue |
| Glycogen | Stored carboohydrate energy source fouind in the liver and muscles. |
| Classified Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides |
| Of the carbohydrates that are eaten, how many are absorbed... | 80-95% |
| Albumin | Protein made in the liver. |
| What is needed for growth and the healing process? | Amino Acids - 9 essential from foods and 13 non-essential from the body. |
| Dutritive Sources | Carbs/Fiber, Protein, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals, Electolytes, and Water |
| Vitamins | Organic Components in food that are needed in very small amounts for growth and for maintaining good health. |
| How many essential vitamins? | 13 |
| 2 classes of vitamins | Water Soluble and Fat Soluble |
Created by:
ReginaK
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