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Term | Definition |
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air(atmospheric) pressure | the weight or force of the air pushing down on a unit area surface |
air-mass | a huge body of air in the troposphere up to 2000 kilometers in diameter |
barometer | instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure |
calorie | the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of liquid water |
clouds | collections of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere |
cold front | occur when cold air meets and pushes out warmer air |
condensation | gas to liquid |
conduction | the transfer of heat energy by the collision of atoms with adjoining atoms or molecules with adjoining molecules |
continental air mass | air-masses that develop over land;dry |
convection | the transfer of heat by movements of liquids and gases |
currents | vertical air movements |
cycles | the number of wavelengths |
cyclones | low pressure air-mass with the winds moving in a counterclockwise direction in toward its center |
dew point temperature | the temperature at which condensation occurs |
Doppler effect | when an energy source moves towards or away from an observer there is an apparent change in wave frequency |
drizzle | fine drops of water which float gently to the surface |
dynamic equilibrium | occurs when the number of molecules changing from liquid to vapor equals the number of molecules changing from vapor to water |
electromagnetic spectrum | the entire range of electromagnetic wavelength |
energy source | the amount of energy given off by an object |
evaporation | liquid to gas |
fog | a cloud resting on earth's surface |
freezing | liquid to solid |
front | the boundary between two air-masses |
hail | when ice and water are forced up into colder air, the water freezes causing a second layer of ice |
heat energy | a form of energy produced by heat |
hurricane | a doughnut shaped ring of strong counterclockwise winds exceeding 115 kilometers(75 miles per hour) surrounding an area of extremely low pressure at the center |
isolation | incoming solar radiation |
isobar | isolines connecting points of equal pressure |
jet stream | winds at high altitudes exert a controlling influence over the direction traveled by air-masses at Earth's surface |
maritime air mass | airmasses that develop over water |
melting | solid to liquid |
meteorology | study of weather |
occluded front | occurs when a faster moving cold front overtakes a slower moving warm front and lifts the warmer air between the two fronts off the ground |
planetary wind system | the result is a series |
polar | air-masses that develop in higher latitudes |
polar jet stream | midlatitude jet stream |
precipatation | when the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud grow large enough to fall |
predict | to determine what the weather will be |
pressure gradient | when speed is directly proportional to the closeness of the isobars |
psychrometer | used to find the dew point |
radiation | the transfer of electromagnetic energy through space in the form of invisible transverse waves |
radioactive decay | the breakdown of atoms |
rain | large drops of water on earths serface |
red shift | as a source if visible light moves away from an observer, wave frequency decreases and wavelength increase which creates a shift toward the red end of the visible spectrum |
relative humidity | a comparison between the amount of moisture in the air with the amount the air can actually hold at that temperature |
saturated | when the air contains all the moisture it can hold at a particular temperature |
sleet | when rain freezes as it falls |
smog | combination of aerosols and water vapor in stagnant air |
snow | ice crystals that form as a result of sublimation and grow large enough to fall |
solar energy | energy from the sun which is the major source of energy for earth |
specific heat | the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by a temperature of one degree Celsius |
station model | water observations for a particular location are recorded on this |
stationary front | occurs when a warm air-mass and a cold air-mass are side by side |
temperature | measure of average kinetic energy of the particles |
thermometer | instruments used to measure temperature |
tornadoes | local storms of short duration that are among nature's most destructive forces |
transpiration | the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves into the atmosphere |
tropical | air-masses that develop in lower latitudes |
warm front | occur when warm air meets and rises over cold air on the ground |
wave length | the distance between two successive crests or troughs or between corresponding points on successive cycles |
weather | the state of condition of the atmosphere at a particular location for a short period of time |
weather(atmospheric) variables | describing changes in weather are temperature, air pressure, moisture(relative humidity and dew point), precipitation( rain,snow, sleet, hail, etc) wind speed and direction and cloud cover |
winds | large horizontal movements of air near earth's surface |