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Science

TermDefinition
Digestion The process by which food is broken down into small nutrients.
Mechanical Digestion The physical breakdown of food by chewing and churning.
Chemical Digestion The chemical breakdown of food by enzymes produced by the digestive organs.
Mouth Holds the teeth and tongue, and has the salivary glands.
Amylase An enzyme, found mainly in saliva and pancreatic fluid, that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars.
Epiglottis A flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue. Is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe.
Esophagus Pathway between mouth and stomach.
Peristalsis The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward.
Stomach Churns the food. Adds gastric juices to the food. Proteins
Pepsin The chief digestive enzyme in the stomach, which breaks down proteins into polypeptides.
Liver Produces bile which breaks down fat.
Gallbladder Stores bile until needed.
Bile Aids in digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
Pancreas Produces insulin which is used to break down sugars. Also produces enzymes for digestion.
Insulin Used to break down sugars.
Small intestine Absorbs nutrients into the blood. Digestion is complete here.
Villi Increase the surface area of the small intestines, thus providing better absorption of materials.
Large intestine Removes water from unused solid substances.
Rectum Stores solid waste until it is released from the body.
Enzymes Examples are amylase, pepsin, insulin, and bile. Enzyme is a protein. An enzyme is like a key.
Teeth Hold, tear, and chew food.
Tongue Move food to rear of mouth to be swallowed.
Salivary glands Produce saliva with the enzyme amylase to break down carbohydrates.
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