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Chapter 3 Test
Earth Science
| Erosion | The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another. |
| Sediment | Earth materials deposited by erosion. |
| Deposition | Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations. |
| Mass Movement | Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill. |
| Runoff | Water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground. |
| Rills | The tiny grooves in soil formed as runoffs travel. |
| Gully | A large groove, or channel, in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm. |
| Stream | A channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope. |
| River | A large stream. |
| Tributary | A stream that flows into a larger stream. |
| Flood Plain | The flat, wide area of land along a river. |
| Meander | A loop-like bend in the course of a river. |
| Oxbow Lake | A meander that has been cut off from the river. |
| Alluvial Fan | A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range. |
| Delta | Where a river flows into the ocean, the river deposits sediment, forming a delta. |
| Define erosion. | Process which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another. |
| What is a sediment? | Sediment is the material moved by erosion. |
| What builds up or wears down Earth’s surface? | Weathering, erosion, then deposition |
| What process is mainly responsible for shaping Earth’s land surface? | Moving water is the major agent of the erosion that has shaped Earth’s land surface. |
| Define runoff. | Runoff is all the remaining water that moves over Earth’s surface. |
| What causes sheet erosion? | Sheet erosion- when runoff flows in a thin layer over the land. |
| How are V-shaped valleys formed? | Steep slopes along a river erode rapidly creating a deep, V-shaped valley. |
| What is a flood plain? | The flat, wide area of land along a river. |
| Explain how a meander forms? | As a river widens from side to side, it tends to erode the outer bank and deposit sediment on the inner bank of a bend. Over time, the bend becomes more curved. |
| What is an oxbow lake? | Oxbow lake is a meander that has been cut off from the river. Forms when a river floods. During the flood, high water finds a straighter route downstream. Sediment dams up the ends of the meander. |
| What can deposition create? | Landforms such a alluvial fans and deltas. Also adds soil to a river’s flood plain. |
| What is a delta? | A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake. |
| How is a delta different from an alluvial fan? | Alluvial fans are formed at the base of mountains by mountain streams. Deltas are formed at the mouths of rivers where they meet the ocean. |
| How is an alluvial fan formed? | Formed from deposits by streams from the mountains. |
Created by:
krugeli
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