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365 upco core vocab
Mr. Mansfield Vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Air(atmospheric)Pressure | The force or weight of the air pushing down on a unit area of surface. |
| air-mass | A huge body of air in the troposphere |
| barometer | instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure |
| calorie | the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water. |
| clouds | collections of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. |
| cold front | occurs when cold air meet and pushes out warmer air. |
| condensation | gas to liquid |
| conduction | the transfer of heat energy by the collision of atoms with adjoining atoms or molecules |
| continental air mass | air-masses that develop over land;dry |
| convection | the transfer of heat energy by movements of liquids and gases |
| currents | vertical air movements |
| cycles | number of wavelengths |
| cyclones | low pressure air-mass with the winds moving in a counter-clockwise direction towards its center |
| dew point temperature | the temperature at which condensation occurs. |
| Doppler effect | when an energy source moves towards or away from an observer there is an apparent change in wave frequency. |
| drizzle | fine drops of water which float gently to the surface |
| dynamic equilibrium | occurs when the number of molecules changing from liquid to vapor equals the number of molecules changing from vapor to water |
| electromagnetic spectrum | the entire range of electromagnetic wavelength |
| energy source | the amount of energy given off by an object |
| evaporation | liquid to gas |
| fog | a cloud resting on earth's surface |
| freezing | liquid to solid |
| front | the boundary between two air masses |
| hail | when ice and water are forced up into colder air, the water freezes causing a second layer of ice |
| heat energy | a form of energy produced by heat. |
| hurricane | a doughnut shaped ring of strong counterclockwise winds exceeding 115 kilometers(75 miles per hour) surrounding an area of extremely low pressure at the center |
| isolation | incoming solar radiation |
| isobar | isolines connecting plots of equal pressure |
| jet stream | winds at high altitudes exert a controlling influence over the direction traveled by air masses at the earth's surface |
| maritime air mass | air masses that develop over water |
| melting | solid to liquid |
| meteorology | the study of weather |
| occluded front | occurs when a faster moving cold front overtakes a slower moving warm front and lifts the warmer air between the two fronts off the ground |
| planetary wind system | the result in a series |
| polar | air-masses that develop in higher latitudes |
| polar jet streams | midlatitude jet streams |
| precipitation | when the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud grow large enough to fall |
| predict | to determine what the weather will be |
| pressure gradient | |
| psychrometer | used to find the dew point |
| radiation | the transfer of electromagnetic energy through space in the form of invisible transverse waves |
| radioactive decay | the breakdown of atoms |
| rain | large droplets of water on earth's surface |
| red shift | as a source of visible light moves away from an observer, wave frequency decreases and wave length increases which creates a shift toward the red end of the visible spectrum |
| relative humidity | a comparison between the moisture in the air with the amount the air can actually hold at that temperature |
| saturated | when the air contains all the moisture it can hold at the particular temperature |
| sleet | when rain freezes as it falls |
| smog | combination of aerosols and water vapor un stagnant air |
| snow | ice crystals that form as a result of sublimation and grow large enough to fall |
| solar energy | energy from the sun which is the major source of energy for earth |
| specific heat | the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by a temperature of one degree celsius |
| station model | water observation for a particular location is recorded on this |
| stationary front | occurs when warm air-mass and cold air-mass are side by side |
| temperature | measure of average kinetic energy of the particles |
| thermometer | instrument used to measure temperature |
| tornadoes | local storms of short duration that are among nature's most destructive force |
| transpiration | the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves into the atmosphere |
| tropical | air-masses that develop in lower latitudes |
| warm front | occurs when warm air meets and rises over cold air on the ground |
| wave length | the distance between two successive crests or troughs or between corresponding points on successive cycles |
| weather | the state of condition of the atmosphere at a particular location for a short period of time |
| weather(atmospheric)variables | describing changes in weather are temperature, air pressure, moisture(relative humidity and dew point) precipitation(rain, snow, sleet, hail etc.) wind speed and direction and cloud cover |
| winds | large horizontal movements of air near earth's surface |
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