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Biology Vocab Set

For Dr. Jacob's class

TermDefinition
Genotype genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype physical characteristics of an organism
principle of dominance Mendel's second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
Heredity Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Gregor Mendel Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
True Breeding term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
Genetics The scientific study of heredity
genelocus Location of a gene on a chromosome
Alleles Different forms of a gene
Principle of Segregation During meiosis, chromosome pairs separate into different gametes such that each of the two alleles for a given trait appears in a different gamete.
monohybrid cross A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait
dihybrid cross A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene
trihybrid cross a cross involving three traits
law of independent assortment All of the genes on homologous chromosomes assort independently to different genes
Punnett Square method a method of predicting the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring in genetic crosses
How is a dominant trait represented? an uppercase letter
How is a recessive allele represented? lowercase letter
homozygous dominant Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and dominant (AA)
homozygous recessive Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and recessive (aa)
Heterozygous An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Stamen the male reproductive organ of a flower
Ovary A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop.
carpel The female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
Created by: e.nguyen
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