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Biology Vocab Set
For Dr. Jacob's class
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
| Phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
| principle of dominance | Mendel's second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive |
| Heredity | Passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Gregor Mendel | Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884) |
| True Breeding | term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate |
| Genetics | The scientific study of heredity |
| genelocus | Location of a gene on a chromosome |
| Alleles | Different forms of a gene |
| Principle of Segregation | During meiosis, chromosome pairs separate into different gametes such that each of the two alleles for a given trait appears in a different gamete. |
| monohybrid cross | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait |
| dihybrid cross | A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene |
| trihybrid cross | a cross involving three traits |
| law of independent assortment | All of the genes on homologous chromosomes assort independently to different genes |
| Punnett Square method | a method of predicting the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring in genetic crosses |
| How is a dominant trait represented? | an uppercase letter |
| How is a recessive allele represented? | lowercase letter |
| homozygous dominant | Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and dominant (AA) |
| homozygous recessive | Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and recessive (aa) |
| Heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
| Stamen | the male reproductive organ of a flower |
| Ovary | A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop. |
| carpel | The female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary. |