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Nutrtion final
fundamentals of nursing-nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical compound or element found in food that is necessary for good health | Nutrients |
| Functions of nutrients | energy, build and repair, regulate |
| six essential nutrients | carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water |
| macronutrients | carbs, proteins, lipids |
| body's principal energy source | carbs |
| 45-65% of caloric intake | carbs |
| 20-30% of caloric intake | lipids |
| 10-35% of caloric intake | proteins |
| carb dietary sources | breads |
| protein dietary sources | meat |
| lipid dietary sources | butter |
| Glucose is stored as_____ | glycogen |
| excessive CHO is | converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue |
| found in milk, fruit, and table sugar | simple carbs |
| found in plant foods | complex carbs |
| a complex carb derived from plants that cannot be digested | fiber |
| speeds movement of food through GI tract | insoluble fiber |
| delays gastric emptying | water-soluble fiber |
| functions of lipids | energy, insulation, taste, fat soluble vitamins |
| triglycerides, cholesterol, lipoproteins | lipids |
| found in animal products | saturated fat |
| found in plant products | unsaturated fat |
| liquid at room temperature | unsaturated fats |
| solid at room temperature | saturated fat |
| fatlike substance produced by the liver | cholesterol |
| compounds containing lipids and proteins | lipoproteins |
| function of lipoproteins | carry lipids through the body via the bloodstream |
| HDL | "good" composed of proteins |
| LDL | composed of lipids |
| proteins | amino acids |
| function of proteins | energy, build and repair, defense mechanism, enzyme |
| can be produced by the body | nonessential proteins |
| cannot be made by body | essential protiens |
| animal source and contains all 9 essential amino acids | complete protein |
| lacking all 9 essential amino acid (whole grains, rice, nuts) | incomplete protein |
| nitrogen balance, anabolism, catabolism | protein metabolism |
| protein contains nitrogen, protein intake equal nitrogen output | nitrogen balance |
| anabolism | build tissue |
| catabolism | bread down tissue |
| nutrient mosst vital for life | WATER!! |
| functions of water | promote metabolic processes, transport, lubricate and protect, body temp |
| organic compounds essential in small quantities to trigger metaboic processes | vitamins |
| water soluble vitamins | CB complexfolate |
| fat soluble vitamins | ADEK |
| not stored in body, released into cooking water | water soluble vitamin |
| can be stored in bodystored in liver with excess amounts | fat soluble vitamin |
| citrus fruits, melons, milk productsmeats | food sources of water soluble vitamins |
| green leafy veggies,enriched grains,veggie oils | food sources of fat soluble vitamins |
| needed in amounts greater than 100mg/day, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium | macrominerals |
| needed in much smaller amounts, iron, zinc, iodine | microminerals |
| needed for skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle activity | potassium |
| pH ranging from 7.35-7.45 | homeostasis |
| pH below 7.35 | acidosis |
| pH above 7.45 | alkalosis |
| decrease in respirations causes | acidosis |
| increase in respirations causes | alkalosis |
| daily urine output | 700-2000 mL |
| pallor | paleness |
| ecchymosis | discoloration |
| pestechiae | red or purple spot on body |
Created by:
anna72804
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