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psych202
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| frontal lobe | the most anterior of the four central lobes |
| parietal lobe | one of the four cerebral lobes; it is located just posterior to the central fissure |
| occipital lobe | the most posterior of the four cerebral lobes; it's function is primarily visual |
| temporal lobe | one of the four major central lobes; it lies adjacent to the temples and contains the hippocampus and amygdala |
| cerebellum | a metencephalic structure that is thought to participate in the storage of memories of learned |
| pons | the metencephalic structure that creates a bulge on the ventral surface of the brain stem |
| medulla | the long stem-like structure which makes up the lower part of the brainstem |
| central sulcus | landmark of the brain that separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex |
| lateral (sylvian) sulcus | fissure in the brain that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe, and contains the insular cortex |
| postcentral gyrus | the gyrus located just posterior to the central fissure; its function is primarily somatosensory |
| precentral gyrus | the gyrus located just anterior to the central; its function is primarily motor |
| superior temporal gyrus | the large gyrus of the temporal lobe adjacent to the lateral fissure; the location of auditory cortex |
| cingulate gyri | large gyri located on the medial surfaces of the frontal lobes, just superior to the corpus callosum |
| corpus callosum | the largest cerebral commissure |
| thalamus | the large two-lobed diencephalic structure that constitutes the anterior end of the brain stem; many of its nuclei are sensory relay nuclei that project to the cortex |
| hypothalamus | the diencephalic structure that sits just below the anterior portion of the thalamus |
| optic chiasm | the x-shaped structure on the inferior surface of the diencephalon; the point where the optic nerves decussate |
| midbrain | the topmost part of the brainstem, the connection central between the brain and the spinal cord |
| pineal gland | the endocrine gland that is the human body's sole source of melatonin |
| mammillary bodies | the pair of spherical nuclei that are located on the inferior surface of the hypothalamus |
| olfactory bulbs | their output goes primarily to the amygdala and piriform cortex |
| longitudinal fissure | the large fissure that separates the two cerebral hemispheres |
| caudate | the tail-like structure that is part of the striatum |
| globus pallidus | a structure of the basal ganglia that is located between the putamen and thalamus |
| insula | the lobe in the center of the cerebral hemisphere that is situated deeply between the lips of the lateral fissure |
| lateral ventricle | a communicating cavity in the brain that is part of a system of four communicating cavities that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord |
| amygdala | a structure in the anterior temporal lobe, just anterior to the hippocampus; plays a role in emotion |
| hippocampus formation | a prominent c-shaped structure bulging in the floor of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle |
| third ventricle | a narrow, funnel-shaped structure that lies in the center of the brain, below the corpus callosum |
| choroid plexuses | the networks of capillaries that protrude into the ventricles from the pia mater and produce cerebrospinal fluid |
| superior colliculus | paired structure in the rostral midbrain that is involved in incorporating environmental stimuli and coordinating gaze shifts involving both eye and head movements |
| red nucleus | a structure of the sensorimotor system that is located in the tegmentum of the mesencephalon |
| substantia nigra | the midbrain nucleus whose neurons project via the nigrostriatial pathway to the striatum of the basal ganglia; it is part of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system |
| lentiform nucleus | putamen and globus pallidus |
| hippocampus | a structure of the medial temporal lobes that plays a role in various forms of memory |
| parahippocampal gyrus | a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system |
| cerebral aqueduct | a narrow channel that connects the third and fourth ventricles |
| telencephalon | the most superior of the brain's five major divisions |
| diencephalon | one of the five major divisions of the brain; it is composed of the thalamus and hypothalamus |
| mesencephalon | one of the five major divisions of the brain; it is composed of the tectum and tegmentum |
| metencephalon | one of the five major divisions of the brain; it includes the pons and cerebellum |
| myelencephalon | the most posterior of the five major divisions of the brain; the medulla |
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