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phylogeny
ap bio unit 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| primitive earth | - x-rays and UV radiation - barren rock - lightning - no free O2 - H2, H2O, CH4, NH3 |
| primitive earth had a | reducing atmosphere |
| reducing atmosphere | very stable, molecules don't break down easily |
| modern earth | - x-rays absorbed by O2 and N2 - UV radiation absorbed by O3 - ozone layer - N2, O2, CO2 - visible light - vegetation |
| origin of life | life arose spontaneously from non-living matter under conditions that prevailed on the early earth |
| earth's crust cooled and water vapor condensed into rain and formed | oceans |
| UV radiation, lightning, and heat provided energy for | chance bonding for inorganic molecules to form organic building block molecules (amino acids) |
| organic molecules slowly accumulated into | organic soup |
| eventually ____________ emerged which were surrounded by protective spheres | macromolecules |
| eventually the spheres began to control the | chemical reactions then life |
| not a lot of proof of the origin of life | true |
| Stanley Miller and Harold Urey | set off electrical discharges to a mixture of inorganic molecules that formed some amino acids and other molecules |
| origin of life from the first procaryotic cells | heterotrophic(anaerobic)-->cyclic photosynthesis-->non-cyclic photosynthesis(released O2, ozone formed)-->aerobic heterotrophs---> life |
| protista | - protozoans - unicellular w/ nuclear membrane - mainly heterotrophs and some autotrophs |
| plantae | - green/brown/red algae - bryophytes/tracheophytes - multicellular w/ nuclear membrane - STRICTLY AUTOTROPHS |
| fungi | - slime molds/true fungi - multicellular w/ nuclear membrane - STRICTLY HETEROTROPHS |
| animalia | sponges/jellyfish/worms/insects/fish/amphibians/reptiles/birds/mammals - multicellular - eucaryotic - STRICTLY HETEROTROPHS |
| autotroph | producer because they can make their own food |
| heterotroph | consumers because they consume producers or other consumers |
| 3 domain system | archebacteria (old bacteria) eubacteria (new bacteria) eukarya (cells w/ internal organelles) |
| radial symmetry | several planes passing through central axis, can divide the organism into several parts adapted for sessile mode of life |
| bilateral symmetry | only one plane passing through central axis divides the organism into similar right/left sides (lobster) |
| coelom | body cavity between gut and outer body wall completely lined w/ mesoderm (arthropids, molluscs, chordates, annelids, echinoderms) |
| acoelom | lacking a body cavity between gut and outer body wall (acoelom) |
| pseudocoelom | contain body cavity but not completely lined w/ mesoderm (round worms) |
| porifera | no mesoderm |
| cnideria | to true mesoderm |
| platyhelminthes | mesodern forms, but no coelom (acoelomates) |
| nematoda | mesoderm forms, but coalom not completely lined by mesoderm (pseudo coelomates |
| annelida, mollusca, arthropoda, echinodermata, hemichordata, chordata) | all have mesoderm and form a true coelom completely lined by mesoderm (coelomates) |
| protostome | (1st mouth) mouth developed near/at the blastopore and anus develops secondarily - annelids, molluscs, arthropods |
| deuterostome | (2nd mouth) anus develops near/at the blastopore and mouth forms 2nd - echinoderms, chordata |
| porifera | - sponges - most primitive phyla - not closely related to other phyla - possess collar cells on inner body wall, which trap food |
| cnideria | - coelentrata - jellyfish, coral, hydra, sea anenome - "stinging animals" - all possess nematocysts cells which sting - most primitive to show specialized tissue - adult stage = polyp/medusa - possess gastrovascular cavity |
| platyhelminthes | - flatworms - most primitive to develop mesoderm, bilateral symm., longitudinal nerve, and excretory system (flame cells) - parasitic lifestyles = cuticle, absorptive fedding, hermaphrodites - most have a gastrovascular cavity |
| nematoda | - aschelminthes - round worms - most primitive to have complete digestive tract - all possess a pseudocoelom - parasitic lifestyles (resistant cuticle) - free living - most advanced muscles consist of longitudinal muscles |
| annelida | - segmented worms - 1st closed cirulatory system/true coelom - polychaetes posses parapodia (help move/breath)(precursors to appendages) - aquatic=eiliated larve form; trochophore - 1st circular muscles |
| mollusca | - soft bodies animals - possess a basic body plan - mantle (covering), visceral mass (organs), foot (movement), radulla (scraping mouth) - aquatic=trochophore - all but squid/octopus posses open circulatory system |
| arthropoda | - joined-footed animals - largest phyla - exoskeleton (muscle support, protection, no dehydration) - molts exoskeleton - segmented body plans - coelom evolved into hemocoelom |
| echinodermata | - spiny skinned animals - 1st to show deuterostome characteristics - posses water-vacular system and endoskeleton (spines are covered) - all are marine and go to larve called dipleurala - radial symm. is 2nd |
| hemichordata | - half-chordate animals - link between invertebrates and true vertabrate animals (considered invertebrate - posses a dorsal nerve cord, pharyngela gill slits, and go through larva called dipleurala |
| chordata | - all possess some development - vertabrata - |
| how old is the earth? | 4.5 billion years |
| life would have never arisen on earth if the early atmosphere had contained | O2 |
| what were synthesized in the Miller experiment | amino acids and lactic acid which showed that they could have been formed from the early atmosphere |
| the primitive atmosphere is best described as | nonoxidizing |
| the regular spatial arrangement of the molecules within a coacervate droplet probably reduces the catalytic activity of proteins in the droplet | false |
| the first cellular organisms on earth were most like today's | bacteria |
Created by:
tpolinsky24
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