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biomed test 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chromosome | long strands of dna that contains genes that code for all of the proteins in the cell |
| gene | a sequence of dna on a chromosome that code for a protein |
| transcription and translation | what are the steps of proteins synthesis |
| nucleus | where does transcription occur |
| cytoplasm | where does translation occur |
| messenger rna | what is being made in transcription |
| proteins | what is being made in translation |
| rna polymerase | what enzyme performs transcription |
| mRNA, tRNA, ands ribosomes | what 3 molecules are involved in translation |
| genetic mutation | a mistake/change in the dna of a chromosome |
| point mutation | a mutation in which the wrong base has been used in a chromosome |
| addiction mutation | a mutation in which one or more extra bases is inserted into a gene |
| deletion mutation | a mutation in which one or more bases are removed from the chromosome |
| frameshift | the wrong number of bases which causes codons to shift and change |
| addiction and deletion | what are the types of framshift |
| alleles | different versions of a gene that exist |
| homozygous dominant | what genotype does this mean HH |
| heterozygous | what type of genotype is Hh |
| homozygous recessive | what type of genotype is hh |
| incomplete dominance and codominance | what are examples of non-mendelian traits |
| incomplete dominance | three possible versions (show up a blended or mixed version) |
| a trait that only has 2 versions | what is a mendelian trait |
| codominance | three possible versions (show up side by side) |
| sex linked trait | a trait controlled by a gene on a sex chromosome |
| you are a carrier | when someone is heterozygous for a recessive trait, we call them a ____. The person doesnt have the trait, but are still able to pass down a recessive allele to their children |
| A positive blood | what does AR mean (in blood types) |
| A negative blood | what does Ar mean (in blood types) |
| A blood | what does AO mean (in blood types) |
| B positive blood | what does BR mean (in blood types) |
| B negative blood | what does Br mean (in blood types) |
| B blood | what does BO mean (in blood types) |
| O positive blood | what does OR mean (in blood types) |
| O negative blood | what does Or mean (in blood types) |
| men | what does squares on a pedigree mean |
| women | what do circles on a pedigree mean |
| they have the given trait | what does the shaded in shapes mean |
| they are married | what does lines between shapes mean |
| they have kids | what does the lines on top of the shape mean |
| antigens | proteins on the surface of red blood cells that help the immune system recognize the cells |
| protein synthesis | the process on how proteins are made |
| RNA polymerase | an enzyme that builds mRNA |
| mRNA | type of rna that is meant to copy the instructions from a gene and bring those instructions to a ribosomes during protein synthesis |
| complementary | the mRNA is _____ the DNA in a gene, which means that the mRNA was constructed using the base pairing rules |
| amino acids | what are proteins made of |
| ribosomes | the organelle in the cytoplasm that builds proteins |
| tRNA | the type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation |
| codon | a set of 3 bases in the mRNA strand that correspond to a specific amino acid |
| aug | what is the start codon |
| stop codon | the codon that signals the end of translation |
| silent | if a mutation is present in a gene, but the protein being made isnt affected/changed we describe this as |
| dihybrid cross | this type of Punnett square is used when you're predicting the probability that child will inherit two traits |
Created by:
allyjones2026
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