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Chapter 2 Sci Voc

TermDefinition
Energy The capacity to do work
Chemical reaction The process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
Reactant A substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
Product A substance that forms in a chemical reaction
Metabolism The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism
Activation energy The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
Catalyst A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed
Enzyme A type of protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in organisms without being permanently changed or destroyed
Redox reaction A reaction in which electrons are transferred between atoms; also known as oxidation reduction reaction
Oxidation reaction A chemical reaction in which a reactant loses one or more electrons such that the reactant becomes more positive in charge
Reduction reaction A chemical change in which electrons are gained, either by the removal of oxygen, the addition of hydrogen or the addition of electrons
Polar Describes a molecule with an uneven distribution of electrons
Hydrogen bond The intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom is attracted to negative region of a molecule
Cohesion The force that holds molecules of a single material together
Adhesion The attractive force between two different substances
Capillarity The attraction between molecules that results in the rise of a liquid in small tubes
Aqueous solution A solution in which water is the solvent
Hydroxide ion The OH- ion
Hydronium ion An ion consisting of a proton combined with a molecule of water, H3O+
Acid Any substance that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water
Base Any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions, or decreases the number of H3O+ when dissolved in water
pH scale A range of values that are used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a system
Buffer A solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it and keeps pH stable
Created by: Halie1
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