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BIO 110- Midterm lab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| why is maintaining proper pH levels important in living things? | they need to maintain a stable internal pH in order to survive, even in the event of environment change |
| what is a Buffer? | a solution that resist change of a pH when acid or base is added |
| why are buffers important in homeostasis? | Buffers help organisms in biological systems to maintain homeostasis without much energy |
| what is calorimetric test used for? | Measures the amount of heat in a chemical reaction |
| what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative analysis? | Quantitative is a measurement gathering numerical data. Qualitative describes a quality. |
| what is the difference between positive and negative control? | Positive control is exposed to an treatment/experiment with a know outcome. Negative control doesn't receive any type of treatment so there is no outcome. |
| what are monosaccharides? | are carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by hydrolysis into simpler carbohydrates one sugar unit; hexose sugar |
| why are monosaccharides often called simple sugars? | because they are only composed of one sugar unit; and they are the most basic unit (monomers) |
| what are examples of monosaccharides? | glucose, fructose, glactose |
| define disaccharides | any substance that is composed of two molecules of simple sugars linked to each other |
| what is the most common example of a disaccharide? | sucrose |
| define polysaccharides | a carbohydrate whose molecules consists of a number of sugars molecules blended together |
| what are examples of polysaccharides? | starch, cellulose, glycogen |
| what are polysaccharides used for? | storage of energy; structural organization in plants and animals |
| describe the process of diffusion | movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| describe the process of osmosis | is the diffusion of solvent across a selectively permeable membrane |
| what factors can affect the type of molecule that is moved across the membrane? | concentration gradient, the size of a particle, and the temperature |
| what is an isotonic solution? | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| what is a hypotonic solution? | have lower osmotic pressure than the cells |
| what is a hypertonic solution? | have higher osmotic pressure than the cells |
| what happens when a cell is placed in isotonic solution? | will be no net movement of water. both the solute and water are equal. |
| what happens when a cell is placed in hypotonic solution? | will swell and expand until it eventually burst |
| what happen when a cell is placed in hypertonic solution? | will shrivel and die |
| enzyme | Proteins which speed up the rate of chemical reactions by acting as biological catalysts. |
| catalyst | A substance which speed up a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction itself. |
| active site | n enzyme where a substrate binds and catalysis takes place or where chemical reaction occurs |
| activation energy | the minimum energy required to cause a process (such as a chemical reaction) to occur |
| how enzymes work as biological catalysts | reducing the activation energy, thereby increasing the rate of reaction |
| Base | supports the microscope |
| Arm | used to carry microscope |
| stage | platform where the slide of the specimen is placed |
| stage clips | holds the slide in place on the stage |
| Eyepiece (ocular lens) | magnifies the image |
| revolving nose piece | contains the objective lens; rotates to allow to switch from lens |
| objective lens | the lenses that directly observe the object the microscope user is examining. |
| the different objective lens are | 4x, 10x, 40x |
| course adjustment knob | Large knob used for focusing the image under low-power |
| Fine adjustment knob | Smaller knob used for focusing the image with the medium- and high-power objectives |
| Diaphragm | controls the amount of light |
| light source | provides the light |
| what can affect enzyme active | temp, pH, and concentration |
| h2 | h-h |
| o2 | o-o |
| co2 | o=c=o |
| what are the products and reactants of 2NH3 + CO2 -----> urea + H2O | products: urea + h2O reactant: 2NH3+ CO2 |
| objective -total magnification | 4x objective- 40x total magnification 10x objective- 100 total magnification 40x objective- 400x total magnification |
| ocular unit - um | 4x: 1 ocular unit- about 25 um 10x: 1 ocular unit- about 10 um 40x: 1 ocular unit- about 2.5 um |
| slope | y=mx+b |
Created by:
apizanis88
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