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3.3 Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
meiosis one parent cell with a diploid nucleus divides to produce cells, each with a haploid nucleus
haploid one copy of every chromosome (gametes)
diploid two copies of every chromosome
importance of meiosis creates gametes
meiosis 1 homologous chromosomes separate
meiosis 2 dyad chromosomes separate
homologous chromosomes chromosomes sharing the same structural features and genes
tetrad homologous chromosomes held at chiasmata
crossing over exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids, causes recombinants, occurs at chiasmata, increases genetic variation
phases of meiosis pt.1 prophase 1- tetrad formed, crossing over metaphase 1- tetrads line up in middle anaphase 1- homologous chromosomes separate, non-dysjunction telophase 1- cell splits into 2 haploid cells with dyad chromosomes
interphase vs. interkinesis interkinesis: pause between meiosis 1 and 2. Both make proteins. Interkinesis has no chromosomal replication.
causes of genetic variation prophase 1: crossing over can result in recombinants metaphase 1: homologous chromosomes line up randomly anaphase 1: homologous chromosomes separate randomly other: DNA and chromosome mutations
phases of non-disjunction anaphase 1, anaphase 2
Down syndrome trisomy 21, generally the egg has two chromosome 21s, positive correlation
mitosis vs. meiosis both cell division. mitosis is 1, meiosis is 2. mitosis is for growth and tissue repair, meiosis is for gamete production. mitosis has no homologous chromosomes, meiosis has homologous chromosomes
phases of meiosis pt.2 prophase 2- dyad chromosomes visible metaphase 2- dyad chromosomes line up in middle anaphase 2- dyad chromosomes separate, non-dysjunction telophase 2- cell splits, 4 haploid cells with monad chromosomes
Created by: luciepike
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