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Biology 1610
Unit 2 Lecture 8- Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the sum of all chemical reactions carried out in a cell? | Cellular Metabolism |
| What do Catabolic Pathways do? | Release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds. (release energy) |
| What do Anabolic Pathways do? | Consume energy by using simpler compounds to make complex molecules. (consume energy) |
| Energy is? | The capacity to do work or rearrange matter. |
| Kinetic energy is? | Energy being used. |
| Potential energy is? | Energy being stored, that is not used, but has the ability to be used. |
| What is chemical energy? | It is a form of potential energy in molecules. |
| What is thermodynamics? | The study of energy transformation. |
| A system in thermodynamics is what? | The matter under study. |
| The surrounding are what in thermodynamics? | Everything outside the system. |
| What is a closed system? | A system isolated from its surroundings. |
| What is a open system? | A system where energy and often matter can be transferred between the system and its surrounding. |
| 1st Law of Thermodynamics | Energy can always be changed from one form to another, but never destroyed or created. |
| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | Energy transformation makes the universe disordered. And each time there is a change some of the energy is lost to the system. |
| What is entropy? | Is a quantity used as a measure of disorder or randomness. |
| What is a spontaneous process? | Those that occur without outside help. |
| What is a non-spontaneous process? | Those that occur when energy is added to the system. |
| What is free energy? | Energy that is available to be used. |
| What is a exergonic reactions? | They release energy and yield products that contain less potential energy than their reactants. (release energy into their surroundings) |
| What is a endergonic reaction? | One that absorbs free energy from its surroundings. |
| What three main kinds of works does a cell do? | Mechanical work (beating of cilia), transport work (pumping substances across membranes), and chemical work (making ATP). |
| Cellular respiration is what? | Aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules (sugar) by cells respiration-breathing. |
| Cellular respiration breaks down glucose molecules and banks their energy in ? | ATP |
| What is the frame work for ATP? | A nucleotide consisted of the nitrogenous base adenine, the sugar ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups. |
| What breaks the bonds between phosphate groups? | Hydrolysis. |
| A molecule is phosphorylated when? | In the cell the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is coupled directly to endergonic process by transferring the phosphate group to another molecule. |
| Enzymes do what? | Enzymes speed up the cell's chemical reaction by lowering energy barriers. |
| A catalyst does what? | A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. |
| An enzyme is a what? | A catalytic protein. |
| What is energy of activation (EA)? | For a chemical reaction to begin, reactants must absorb some energy. |
| Enzymes are what? | Selective. |
| A substrate does what? | A reactant that binds to the enzyme. |
| What is the active site on a enzyme? | Typically a pocket or groove on the surface of the protein into which the substrate fits. |
| What can enzymes do? | Use a variety of mechanisms to lower activation energy and speed a reaction. |
| What do enzymes usually end in? | -ase |
| What are cofactors? | A non-protein enzyme helper. |
| What are coenzymes? | Organic cofactors include vitamins or molecules derived from vitamins. |
| What is a competitive inhibition? | A molecule that gets in the way of the substrate. |
| What is a non-competitive inhibition? | A molecule that attaches to the enzyme, changing its overall shape and making it so a substrate cannot attach. |
| What is feedback inhibition? | A metabolic pathway is turned off by its end product. |
Created by:
ntolman
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