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Science
5.8 Earth's Structure
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Convergent boundaries | are plates (large plate like Earth crust) moving toward one another. The land is either uplifted forming mountains or a subduction zone occurs forming a trench. |
| Divergent boundaries | form when plates move away from one another. Faults and mid- ocean ridges can be formed. |
| Transform boundaries | are plates sliding past one another. The energy from the plates sliding past one another builds up and causes earthquakes. |
| Plate tectonics | is a theory that describes the way continents separated into today’s land masses. |
| earthquake | is when energy waves caused by plate movement causing the Earth to shake. Earthquakes occur along fault lines, or by volcanic activity. |
| Volcano | is a hill or mountain formed by hot magma escaping from the Earth’s core. |
| Mid-ocean ridges | are undersea mountain ranges where two parts of Earth’s crust are diverging (pushing apart). |
| Weathering | is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms. |
| Erosion | the geological process in which Earth's materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water. |
| Deposition | describes the process by which wind, water, and gravity leave eroded sediments in new locations. |
| Sediment | is small pieces of material broken off of rocks. |
| Sedimentary rocks | formed by the cementation of sediments. Limestone, sandstone, and coal are examples |
| Metamorphic rocks | are rocks that have been changed over time by high pressure, time, and temperature. Slate, marble, gneiss, and quartz are examples |
| Igneous rocks | are rocks created by the cooling of magma. Obsidian, pumice, and granite are examples |
| Rock cycle | is the description of how rocks change over time through geologic ages into different kinds of rocks. |
| Crust | is the outermost solid shell of a terrestrial planet. |
| Mantle | is the layer above the core of the Earth. It lies just below the crust and above the inner core. |
| outer core | is the layer beneath the mantle and above the inner core. |
| inner core | is the inner layer of the Earth. It is beneath the outer core |
| Fossils | are the remains of ancient organisms. Fossils are found in sedimentary rock. |
Created by:
Ms. B. Hargrove
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