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micro exam 2 vocab
micro vocab
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| acellular | lacking any cell characteristics |
| cultured cells for virus | cells that are grown are infected with viruses |
| suitable cells for virus | viruses are specific to cell type |
| capsid | protein capsule |
| nucleocapsid | combination of protein capsule and nucleic acid |
| lysogeny | bacteriophage's nucleic acid becomes mixed in with the bacteria's own nucleic acid and the mixed genome is what becomes replicated from that point on |
| subsequent host cell | the phage's replicated will lyse and release more of the virus to attach to surrounding bacteria |
| temperate phage | those phage that have lied dormant until they undergo lysogeny |
| reverse transcriptase | makes DNA from RNA |
| retrovirus | virus is a permanent part of RNA |
| neoantigen | virus parts on a cell membrane that the immune system recognizes as foreign |
| neoplasia | growth of malignant cells |
| plankton | refers to all single celled photosynthetic organisms |
| foramanifera | amoebic shells |
| amorphus | no fixed shape |
| Entamoeba histolytica | amoebic dysentary |
| Acanthamoeba | protist that can develop in eyes due to dirty contact lenses |
| Trypanosoma brucci | African sleeping sickness caused by a flagellate |
| Trypanosoma cruzi | Chagas disease caused by a flagellate |
| Giardia lamblia | severe dysentary from fecally contaminated water; caused by a flagellate |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | STD common in females caused by a flagellate |
| Plasmodium falciparum | causes malaria; a sporozoa pathogen |
| Taxoplasma gondii | causes taxoplasmosis, carried in cat feces; a sporozoa pathogen |
| Pneumocystis carnii | opportunistic sporozoa pathogen causing pneumonia |
| Cryptosporidium | chronic diarrhea caused by a sporozoa pathogen |
| red tide | caused by blooms of dinoflagellates |
| eumycota | true fungi |
| Ascomycota | sac fungi |
| Basidiomycota | club fungi |
| Chytridiomycota | chytrids |
| yeast | single celled fungi |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiase | common yeast |
| hyphae | forms mycelium |
| aseptate | long mycelium with no spaces |
| septate | mycelium with no spaces |
| YM shift | yeast to mold shift occuring when mold changes its environment |
| saphophytic | an organism that lives off of dead organisms; most molds are this way |
| Rhizopus stolonifer | common bread mold |
| Rhizopus nigricans | soft black rot of vegetables |
| Neurospora crassa | pink bread mold |
| Claviceps purpurea | causes ergotism; also has medicinal uses |
| Aspergillus niger | causes peach mold |
| Aspergillus flavus | aflatoxin in grain |
| generation time | times it takes for bacteria to double or have exponential growth |
| mean generation time | mean doubling time of bacteria at specific intervals of growth curve |
| osmotolerant | organisms able to withstand low water activity environments |
| osmophilic | organisms preferring low water activity environments |
| psychrophile optimum temperature | -5 to 20 C |
| psyschotrophe | can survive at temps of 0-35 C |
| mesophile | optimum temp 15-45 C |
| thermophile | optimum 40-80 C |
| hyperthermophile | optimum 70-105 C |
| x-ray/gamma ray | destroy bacteris by chemical alterations esp. in DNA |
| UV light | cause thymine bridges in DNA |
| photoreactivation | white light repairs UV light damage to DNA |
| apoenzyme | protein portion of an enzyme |
| cofactor | non-protein portion of an enzyme |
| holoenzyme | enzyme and protein or non-protein portion |
| coenzyme | cofactor that is loosley associated to enzyme |
| catalytic site | active site of enzymes |
| oxidative phosphorylation | the process of generation ATP from the electron transport system |
| TDT | thermal death time; shortest time it takes to kill organisms |
| pasteurization | kills certain pathogens by heat; does not sterilize |
| LTLT | low temperature long time; 63C/30 minutes |
| HTST | high temperature short time; 72C/15sec |
| UHT | ultra high temperature; 140-150C/1-3sec. |
| membrane filters | filters out unwanted organisms; pore size about 0.2micrometers |
| HEPA filters | high effeciancy particulate air; keeps dust and mo's out of air |
| lyophilization | freeze dried |
| phenolics | denature proteins and cause membrane disruptions |
| alcohols | denatures proteins and dissolves lipids |
| iodophor | iodine complexed with an organic carrier |
| hypochlorus acid | chlorine added to water, oxidizes cellular material |
| heavy metals | complax with protein and precipitate them |
| detergents | dentaures proteins and destroys cell membrane |
| aldehyde | disinfection, also toxic and carcinogenic |
| ethylene oxide | penetrates surfaces well to kill bacteris; highly explosive |
| BPL | effective in killing bacteria, however does not penetrate surfaces well |
| phenol coefficient | compares the potency of some anti-microbial to that of phenol; used for screening purposes |
Created by:
rsg175
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