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Bio 2 Plant Divers.
Bio 155, Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How long ago did plants colonize land? | ~500 mya |
| 4 characteristics of plants | 1) multicellular eukaryotes 2) photosynthetic autotrophs 3) nonmotile 4) have cell walls made of cellulose |
| sporophyte | the life stage that produces spores, multicellular diploid stage of the life cycle, dominant stage of the life cycle in 'advanced' plants |
| meiosis/mitosis | process by which SPORES are produced/process by which GAMETES are produced in plants |
| gametes | produced by a gametophyte (single cells, like spores) |
| gametophyte | multicellular haploid stage of the life cycle |
| fertilization | process that restores diploid condition |
| sporangia/gametangia | multicellular structures that produce SPORES/multicellular structures that produce GAMETES (prevent gametes from drying out) |
| 2 crucial plant adaptations for minimization of water loss | 1) waxy cuticle 2) stomata |
| nonvascular plants | dominant stage of life cycle is the gametophyte, don't have xylem and phloem, require water to reproduce; Bryophyta (mosses) -> most numerous and most common phylum |
| function of rhizoids | anchors plant to substrate |
| monoecious vs dioecious | monoecious: both sexes on one individual dioecious: each individual is one sex or the other |
| moss reproduction | sporophyte is dependent upon gametophyte |
| nonvascular plants vs vascular plants | 1) sporophyte is dominant in vascular plants 2) vascular plants have well-developed vascular tissue |
| xylem/phloem | transports water and minerals/transports sugars and other macromolecules |
| differences in gametophyte generation in seed plants vs seedless vascular plants | gametophyte generation is much reduced in seed plants; gametophyte has become part of sporophyte and dominant sporophyte exists independently of gametophyte |
| components of a seed | embryo, stored food, protective coating |
| heterosporous | produced 2 different types of spores (male and female) |
| Coniferophyta | largest gymnosperm phylum, nearly all 'evergreen', name comes from common name for a strobilus (reproductive structure); needle-like leaves are an adaptation to dry conditions |
| Gingkophyta | fan-like leaves, only 1 species left |
| Anthophyta | members have fruit, flowering plants |
| microsporocytes | DIPLOID, undergo MEIOSIS to produce microspores, which then undergo MITOSIS to produce the MALE gametophyte |
| megasporocytes | DIPLOID, undergo MEIOSIS to produce megaspores, which then undergo MITOSIS to produce the FEMALE gametophyte |
| monocot | flower parts in 3s, sheathed leaves, parallel leaf veins, fibrous roots |
| eudicot | leaves w/ petioles, stem vascular bundle in a ring, have a taproot, seeds have 2 cotyledons, flower parts in 4s or 5s |
| function of fruit/function of flowers | dispersal of seeds, protection of seeds/attract and reward pollinators |
Created by:
mkroon26
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