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Micaelas cards

Meiosis/ Mitosis

TermDefinition
Prophase The phase in mitosis and meiosis when the chromatins condense into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber.
Anaphase Sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and they move to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase Two new nuclear membranes form.
Cytokinesis The cytoplasm is split in half and each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicated chromosomes.
Somatic cells Cells that are used for the body and cannot be used in reproduction.
Germ cells Cells that a specifically made for sexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction Reproduction where only one parent is needed.
Sexual reproduction Reproduction where two parents are needed.
Gametes A reproductive cell.
Zygote A combination of genetic material from both parents.
Interphase The phase of mitosis/meiosis that the cell grows and develops.
fragmentation A type of asexual reproduction where the parent breaks off fragments and they regrow into a new identical organism.
homologous Chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent.
diploid 2 sets of chromosomes. (2n) Mitosis
haploid 1 set of chromosomes (n) Meiosis
crossing over When chromosomes overlap and exchange parts of their genetic information.
random fertilization Fusion of haploid cells from two different individuals.
genetically varied When the offspring are not identical to the parent of each other.
genetically identical When is the offspring is identical to the parent and each other.
What are two main reasons cells divide? The larger the cell grows the less effective it is at getting nutrients to the middle; as the cell grows it puts more demand on itś DNA.
What causes cancer? Uncontrolled cell growth.
What needs to happen before cells can divide? It needs to replicate its DNA.
What´s an advantage to sexual reproduction? It produces genetically different organisms which are more likely to survive a change in environment.
Whatś an advantage of asexual reproduction? Simple and efficient and it allows organisms to produce many offspring in a short amount of time.
Created by: micaela.jelks
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