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Bio 2 Prokaryotes

Bio 155, Exam 2

QuestionAnswer
2 domains that contain prokaryotic organisms Bacteria and Eukarya
structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells don't have any membrane-bound organelles
prokaryotic size range AND 3 common shapes of bacteria ~1-5 um; cocci, bacilli, helical
cell wall contains peptidoglycans, keeps cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment
endospore resistant structures formed by some types of bacterial that allows them to potentially survive hostile environments
capsule a carbohydrate secretion that can provide some protection from host immune system, having this can increase the pathogenicity of a bacterial strain
plasma membrane a phospholipid bilayer with interspersed proteins, is used as the respiratory surface
flagella the means by which most bacteria move
fimbriae slender surface extensions that help to adhere to host cells
plasmid small ring of DNA separate from the main chromosome
photoheterotroph light for energy, organic carbon source
chemohetertroph organic molecules for both energy and carbon
chemoautotroph inorganic molecules for energy, CO2 for carbon
photoautotroph light for energy, CO2 for carbon
2 cellular organisms that were originally free-living prokaryotes mitochondria (aerobic chemoheterotroph), chloroplasts (photoautotroph)
facultative anaerobes organisms that will use oxygen if present but can survive using fermentation in the absences of oxygen
prokaryote reproduction asexually by binary fission; binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction, NOT a type of mitosis
3 methods of bacterial genetic recombination 1) transformation: ability of pick up 'naked' DNA 2) transduction: bacteriophages 3) conjugation: involves F plasmids and conjugation tube
generalized and specialized transduction generalized: occurs with lytic viruses specialized: can only occur with lysogenic viruses since it requires the existence of a PROPHAGE
simple conjugation BACTERIAL CELL MUST CONTAIN F PLASMID; after formation of mating bridge, F plasmid replicated and the new copy passed through the mating tube into the F- cell; both cells are now F+
Hfr conjugation Hfr CELLS HAVE F PLASMID INCORPORATED INTO CHROMOSOME; after bridge is formed, bacterial chromosome starts to replicate beginning @ site within F factor, new material begins to enter F- cell but bridge will break before entire chromosome is passed through
True or False: Transformation can produce recombinant cells. Transduction can produce recombinant cells. Simple conjugation can produce recombinant cells. Hfr conjugation can produce recombinant cells. true, true, false, true
R plasmids carry genes for antibiotic resistance, can be transferred during conjugation
Domain Archaea contains organisms known as 'extremophiles'; humans are more closely related to a thermophile than a bacterium to a thermophile
methanogens prokaryotes that are obligate anaerobes, use CO2 to oxidize H2; includes organisms found in the gut of cattle and termites
extreme halophiles prokaryotes that thrive in highly salty environments
Created by: mkroon26
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