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BIO PRACTICAL
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| MSDS | Material Safety Data Sheet that contains safety info over chemicals in the lab |
| Fire Items | fire extinguisher and fire blanket |
| PASS | pull (the pin), aim (base of fire), squeeze (the handle), and sweep (the spray back and forth) |
| where to dispose of glass? | broken glass disposal box located at the front |
| where to dispose of razor blades? | sharps disposal container located on each lab bench |
| which lens goes first? | 4x lens so it gives you the greatest view and depth of field |
| why should 4x be last? | bc it has the greatest working distance |
| when should the coarse adjustment knob be used? | only at 4x & 10x but not higher |
| what happens to the image if slide is moved to the right? | the object moves to the left and vice versa bc it is reversed |
| ways to adjust the light | on/off switch, rheostat switch, iris diaphragm, and condenser lens |
| what is the total magnification of a microscope when the 40x objective is in place? | 400x |
| formula for total magnification | TM= ocular x objective |
| working distance | distance from top of slide to the bottom of objective lens |
| depth of field | how much of the specimen is in focus at the magnification and decreases with increasing magnification |
| wet mount | temporary slide that you prepare your self by putting the specimen in a drop of water & covering it |
| not temporary slides | permanent or fixed mount slides |
| negative control | water |
| reagent in reducing sugar test | benedict's reagent (any color other than clear blue) |
| reagent in starch test | iodine (bluish black color) |
| reagent used in protein test | biurets reagent (violet color) |
| reagent used in brown paper test | no reagent was used (translucent spot) |
| reducing sugar | a sugar that gives off an electron to other molecules, thus reducing their charge, ex: monosaccharide like glucose |
| key ingredients in biuret's solution | copper sulfate+ sodium hydroxide |
| name for reducing sugar test (boiling) | Benedict's Test |
| name for burning test | The Flame Test for Organics |
| dehydration synthesis reaction | a molecule of water is removed from two monomers allowing them to join and become a polymer |
| hydrolysis | chemical reaction in which a molecule of water is added to break apart a polymer into its monomeric parts |
| cytoplasmic stains | chemical dyes that highlight organelles & other structures in cells allowing you to see them better under the microscope |
| methylene blue | used to see the nuclei |
| organelles found in plant cells | cell wall, chloroplasts, & central vacuole |
| organelle in animal cell | centrioles |
| plasma (cell) membrane | boundary of the cell, regulates what enters and leaves |
| centrioles | associated with spindle fiber formation and cell division |
| golgi apparatus | repackages and secretes cellular products using vesicles |
| mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell: takes in nutrients, oxygen and water and converts them into ATP |
| ribosomes | sites of protein synthesis; can be free floating or attached to ER |
| nucleus | control center of the cell; stores genetic material, bound by a nuclear membrane |
| nucleolus | found in the nucleus, produces ribosomes |
| RER | transport system in the cell and has ribosomes attached to it so it transports the proteins made there |
| SER | part of the transport system in the cell but lacks ribosomes, functions in lipid and toxin metabolism as well |
| cell wall | outermost boundary of a plant cell: is rigid and made of cellulose; gives plants its structure |
| chloroplast | organelle in a plant that contains chlorophyll which carries out the process of photosynthesis |
| central vacuole | large sac like structure in the middle of a plant cell which stores water, wastes, and minerals; helps maintain plant structure by maintaining turgor pressure |
| diffusion | the movement of a substance from a high to a low concentration |
| factors that influence rate of diffusion | temperature, molecular weight & concentration gradient |
| temperature (diffusion) | increasing temperature increases the rate of diffusion |
| molecular weight (diffusion) | increasing weight decreases the rate of diffusion |
| concentration gradient (diffusion) | increasing the concentration gradient increase the rate of diffusion |
| brownian movement | random movement of small particles that you can see with a microscope that are being bombarded by minute particles that are too small to be seen |
| lower molecular weight | has a faster rate of diffusion |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| selectively permeable membrane | barrier that only allows certain substances through based on some property like size |
| hypotonic | solution w/ lower concentration of solutes than another solution |
| hypertonic | solution w/ higher concentration of solutes than another solution |
| crenation | cell shrinks and their forms become altered with a ruffled or scalloped edge |
| 6CO2+6H20 -> C6H12O6+6O2 | carbon dioxide plus water in the presence of light and chlorophyl will produce glucose and oxygen |
| what is the relationship between energy and wavelength? | shorter wave lengths have higher energy |
| what is the relationship between energy and frequency? | shorter frequency waves have higher energy |
| highest energy color | violet |
| lowest energy color | red |
| why are UV rays and X-rays harmful but radio waves not? | they have higher energy |
| relationship between wavelength & frequency | higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths |
| wavelength | distance from peak to peak of a wave |
| 4 actions of light | absorption, reflection, transmission & fluorescene |
| why are plants green? | plants absorb blues and reds and reflect greens and yellows |
| what colors of light are used by plants in the photosynthetic reaction? | everything but green and yellow |
| what structure of the plant does photosynthesis occur? | chloroplasts |
| plants | respire & photosynthesize |
| H20+CO2 -> H2CO3 | water and carbon dioxide will react to produce carbonic acid |
| primary plant pigment | chlorophyll a |
Created by:
jaileneg
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