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Sexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| amniocentesis | a technique for detecting genetic disorders in unborn humans in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed and the chromosome content of its cells analyzed |
| amniotic fluid | the fluid within the amnion membrane that bathes the developing embryo |
| amnion | a membrane that surrounds the embryo in many animal species and contains a fluid to protect the developing embryo from mechanical shock |
| asexual reproduction | a type of reproduction in which new organisms are formed from a single parent organism. -offspring are clones of the parent |
| binary fission | a type of cell division in which mitosis is followed by equal cytoplasmic division -type of asexual reproduction |
| birth | in placental mammals, a stage of embryonic development in which the baby passes through the vaginal canal to outside of the mother's body |
| blastula | in certain animals, a stage of embryonic development in which the embryo resembles a hollow ball of undifferentiated cells |
| budding | a type of asexual reproduction in which mitosis is followed by unequal cytoplasmic division |
| cervix | a structure that bounds the lower end of the uterus and through which sperm must pass in order to fertilize the egg |
| cleavage | a series of rapid mitotic divisions that increase cell number in a developing embryo without a corresponding increase in cell size |
| corpus luteum | a structure resulting from the hormone-controlled transformation of the ovarian follicle that produces the hormone progesterone |
| daughter cell | one of two nuclei that form as a result of mitosis |
| differentiation | the process by which embryonic cells become specialized to perform the various tasks of particular tissues throughout the body |
| embryo | an organism in the early stages of development following fertilization |
| estrogen | a hormone, secreted by the ovary that regulates the production of female secondary sex characteristics |
| external fertilization | fertilization that occurs outside the body of the female parent |
| fertilization | the fusion of gametic nuclei in the process of sexual reproduction |
| follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | a pituitary hormone that regulates the maturation of and the secretion of estrogen by the ovarian follicle |
| fraternal twins | in humans, twin offspring that result from the simultaneous fertilization of two ova y two sperm -not genetically identical |
| gamete | a specialized reproductive cell produced by organisms of sexually reproducing species |
| gametogenesis | the process of cell division by which gametes are produced |
| gastrula | a stage of embryonic development in animals in which the embryo assumes a tube-within-a-tube structure and distinct embryonic tissues begin to differentiate. |
| gonad | an endocrine gland that produces the hormones responsible for production of various secondary sex characteristics -ovaries and testes |
| Haploid Chromosome Number | the number of chromosomes commonly found in gametes of sexually reproducing species (eggs and sperm) |
| Identical Twins | In humans, twin offspring resulting from the separation of the embryonic cell mass of a single fertilization into two separate masses -These twins are genetically identical |
| In Vitro Fertilization | a laboratory technique in which fertilization is accomplished outside the mother's body using mature ova and sperm extracted from the parents' bodies. |
| Internal Development | embryonic development that occurs inside the body of the female parent |
| Internal Fertilization | fertilization that occurs inside the body of the female parent |
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | a pituitary hormone that regulates the conversion of the ovarian follicle into the corpus luteum |
| Meiosis | the process by which four monoploid nuclei are formed from a single diploid nucleus |
| Diploid Chromosome Number | the number of chromosomes found characteristically in the cells (except gametes) of sexually reproducing species. |
| Menstrual Cycle | a hormone-controlled process responsible for the monthly release of mature ova |
| Menstruation | The stage of the menstrual cycle in which the lining of the uterus breaks down and is expelled from the body via the vaginal canal |
| Oogenesis | a type of meiotic cell division in which one ovum (egg) and three polar bodies are produced from each primary sex cell |
| Ovary | a female gonad that secretes the hormone estrogen, which regulates female secondary sex characteristics -the ovary also produces ova (eggs) |
| Oviduct | a tube that serves as a channel for conducting mature ova from the ovary to the uterus -the site of fertilization and the earliest stages of embryonic development |
| Ovulation | the stages of the menstrual cycle in which the mature ovum is released from the follicle into the oviduct |
| Ovum | a type of gamete produced as a result of oogenesis in female animals -the egg, the female sex cell |
| Penis | a structure that permits internal fertilization through direct implantation of sperm into the female reproductive tract |
| Placenta | a structure composed of both embryonic and maternal tissues that permits the diffusion of soluble substances to and from the fetus for nourishment and the elimination of fetal waste |
| Scrotum | a pouch extending from the wall of the lower abdomen that houses the testes at a temperature optimum for sperm production |
| Secondary Sex Characteristics | the physical features, different in males and females, that appear with the onset of sexual maturity |
| Sexual Reproduction | a type of reproduction in which new organisms form as a result of the fusion of gametes from two parent organisms |
| Sperm | a type of gamete produced as a result of spermatogenesis in male animals -The male reproductive cell |
| Spermatogenesis | a type of meiotic cell division in which four sperm cells are produced from each primary sex cell |
| Testis | a gonad in human males that secretes the hormone testosterone, which regulates male secondary sex characteristics -produces sperm cells for reproduction |
| Testosterone | a hormone secreted by the testis that regulates the production of male secondary sex characteristics |
| Umbilical Cord | In placental mammals, a structure containing blood vessels that connect the placenta to the embryo |
| Uterus | in female placental mammals, the organ within which embryonic development occurs |
| Vagina | the portion of the female reproductive tract into which sperm are implanted during sexual intercourse and through which the baby passes during birth |
| Zygote | the single diploid cell that results from the fusion of gametes in sexual reproduction |
| A fertilized egg is called a ______________ | Zygote |
Created by:
LFeldmann
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