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Unit 3
Respiratory and Digestive Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mouth | This is where digestion starts; teeth chomp food into smaller pieces and enzymes in saliva help break down food |
| Salivary glands | produce saliva that moistens food and contains enzymes that begin breaking down the food |
| Esophagus | Connects the throat to the stomach |
| Stomach | Contains acid that dissolves food and kills harmful bacteria, and pepsin enzyme that helps break down proteins into amino acids |
| Small intestine | Absorbs the nutrients from the dissolved food and transfers them to the bloodstream |
| Large intestine | Soaks up salt, water, and minerals from the leftovers |
| Rectum | Stores feces until they are ready to exit the body through the anus |
| Liver | A chemical processing factory that gets rid of toxins, makes bile, recyles old blood cells, makes digestive juices, and stores and makes sugar |
| Gallbladder | Stores bile until it goes to the small intestine |
| Pancreas | Makes enzymes that help digest your food, and makes insulin to control blood sugar levels |
| Appendix | Might store good bacteria that help us digest our food |
| Pharynx | Throat |
| Trachea | Carries air from the pharynx to the bronchi in the lungs (and vice versa) |
| Bronchi | Take air from the trachea to the left and right lungs (and vice versa) |
| Alveoli | Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are put in and taken out of the bloodstream |
| Bile | Chemical produced by the liever that helps your body break down fats |
| Pepsin | Enzyme in the stomach that helps break down food, especially proteins. Can work in the stomach acid |
| Villi | Located in the small intestine; absorb nutrients and transfer them to the bloodstream; increase the surface area of the small intestine |
| Mechanical digestion | Physically breaking apart food into smaller pieces |
| Chemical digestion | Further breaking down large molecules into small enough ones to be absorbed into the bloodstream |
| Salivary amylase | enzyme in saliva that breaks down starches into sugars |
Created by:
cesjds
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