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grd 10 bio quiz 2
Meiosis Mitosis Cancer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| three reasons cell undergo mitosis | growth ,reproduction , repair ( GRR ) |
| two types of cells in living organisms and their differences | somatic cells ( 46 chromosomes ) sex cells ( 23 chromosomes ) |
| how do organisms grow and why must growth be limited | organisms grow when cells divide and increase in population they must be limited so the nucleus can communicate with organelles properly and the distance between the cell membrane and the insides must be short to quickly get nutrients and defecate |
| what is cell cycle | the continuous sequence that a cell goes through each time it divides |
| five phases of cell cycle | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and interphase ( PMAT & I ) |
| what happens in interphase | the phase before and after cell division where chromosomes duplicate, and more organelles are made |
| cell division in multicellular vs unicellular organisms | in multicellular organisms cell division is for growth and repair in unicellular organisms cell division is for reproduction |
| what is cytokinesis | cytokinesis is the name for the pinching of the cell membrane in order to split the mother cell into two daughter cells |
| cytokinesis in animal cells | animal cells a ring of specialised proteins squeeze the middle of the cell together till it splits into two. |
| cytokinesis in plant cells | plant cells the Golgi body releases vesicles that carry the materials to make a new cell wall, vesicles line up in the middle of the cell, form a cell plate as the plate grows it splits the cell into daughter cells and grows to join the old cell plasma |
| whats a karyotype what makes a cell male or female | a karyotype is a micro graph of an individuals chromosomes, that tells whether there's too much or too little chromosomes a male cell has 1x and 1y chromosome, female has 2x chromosomes. |
| differences between chromatin, chromosomes and sister chromatids | chromatin is DNA when its very thin, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes when its time to divide, and sister chromatids are duplicated chromosomes attached by a centromere. |
| how can cells have the exact same DNA but look so different | this is due to cell specialisation, most cells only use 10% of their genetic code in order to do their job properly and produce the protein needed for their job |
| which cells last very long, which cells don't. why | cells that don't last long like stomach cells and skin cells because of constant exposure to elements like acid, radiation and even rubbing. cells like brain and muscle cells last long because they are very protected |
| reasons why cell cycle might be stopped how does the body handle this | cell cycle might be stopped because: not enough nutrients to support cell growth, the DNA has not been duplicated, the DNA has been damaged. the body handles this through cell suicide aka apoptosis |
| whats a carcinogen 3 general types | a carcinogen is any substance that can cause cancer or uncontrolled cell division. general types: viruses, radiation, toxic chemicals |
| what causes mutations why DNA susceptible to toxic chemicals | mutations are a change in the genetic code the DNA stays in a 'chemical soup' inside the nucleus and if any mutagen gets into the soup that can alter the DNA |
| why are cancer cells so damaging to organisms | cancer cells contain an enzyme called telomerase that tells them to keep dividing. they are so damaging because they take up space of good cells, they don't specialise, and they steal the nutrients that other working cells need. |
| what is metastasis \ metastasizing what is apoptosis what is a carcinogen | metastasis is when cancer cells from a tumor gets into the blood stream and spreads around the body. apoptosis is cell suicide carcinogen is a substance that can cause cancer |
| what is meiosis and why does it happen | meiosis is cell reproduction for sex cells where the daughter cells receive half the chromosome as the mother cell. meiosis has 2 phases of PMAT. |
| define these words: zygote gamete ovum polar bodies haploid diploid | a zygote is a fertilised sex cell and is a diploid so is has 46 chromosomes. a gamete is a haploid and has 23 chromosomes ovum is female sex cell that is able to be fertilised polar bodies are the female sex cells that can't be fertilised |
| define homologous chromosomes | homologous chromosomes are chromosomes with the same size and same gene location and and in each pair one is fraternal and the other is maternal. meiosis 1 is all about separating homologous chromosomes. |
Created by:
habbie
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