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(8th) 3rd 9 wks vocb
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chemical equation | description of a reaction using element symbols and chemical formulas |
| chemical reaction | process in which atoms of one or more substances rearrange to form one or more new substances |
| coefficient | number places in front of an element symbol or chemical formula in an equation |
| law of conservation of mass | states that the total mass of the reactants before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass of the products after the chemical reaction |
| product | new substance produced by a chemical reaction |
| reactant | starting substance in a chemical reaction |
| combustion | chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen and releases energy |
| decomposition | chemical reaction in which one compound breaks down and forms two or or more substances |
| double replacement | describes a reaction in which the negative ions in two compounds switch places, forming two new compounds |
| single replacement | describes a reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound |
| synthesis | chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine and form one compound |
| endothermic | chemical reactions that absorb thermal energy |
| acid | substance that produces a hydronium ion (H3O+) when dissolved in water |
| base | substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water |
| ph scale | a scale used to measure how acidic or basic |
| reference point | a place or an object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion |
| distance | the space between two things |
| gravity | the force that attracts objects towards another object. On earth, this pulls us towards the center of the earth. The force of this on Earth is 9.8 meters/second |
| friction | force that acts in an opposite direction to movement. The more of this something has, the harder it is to move. |
| mass | the measure of an amount of atoms (matter) in something |
| motion | The state in which one object’s distance from another is changing |
| speed | The distance an object travels in one unit of time |
| force | A push or a pull. This is what causes motion. Can be balanced or unbalanced. Expressed in Newtons (N) |
| axis | An imaginary line around which an object rotates |
| traveling | Moving from one position to another |
| velocity | The measure of the speed AND the direction of a specific object; example: 25 km/h Westward |
| acceleration | A change in velocity, speeding up, slowing down, or turning |
| positive acceleration | speeding up |
| negative acceleration | slowing down |
| inertia | The tendency of things to keep traveling in the same direction at the same speed, unless something stops them; more mass = more of this |
| Newton's 1st Law | An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion, unless acted on by an opposing force. |
| Newton's 2nd Law | The greater the amount of mass an object has, the more force is needed to move it |
| Newton's 3rd Law | Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Examples- Newton’s Cradle, Rocket ship, Jumping on a trampoline, Punching a wall |
Created by:
Hannah.hornsbyyy
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