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flatworms&roundworms
test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Of what substance is the bulk of a sponge composed? | spongin |
| How do sponges use this protein to get nutrients? | They filter the water to get the nutrients they need |
| What is the difference between radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry? | *Radial symmetry - radiate from a central point *Bilateral symmetry - equal left and right halves (sides are mirror image) |
| What deadly structure do jellyfish and sea anemones use to paralyze their prey? | nematocysts |
| What is a coelom? | *coelom - cavity between mesoderm and endoderm |
| Explain the difference between acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate. | *acoelomate - no cavity between mesoderm and endoderm *Pseudocoelom - false body cavity: space between the mesoderm and endoderm *coelomate - true body cavity |
| What is cephalization? | *Cephalization - distinct head region |
| Outline the digestive structures of a free-living flatworm. | mouth - where food enters pharynx - muscular tube that passes food to the gut gut - organ for digestion and absorption (like intestine) |
| Why don’t intestinal parasites require the same structures? | stay in the host and absorb all the nutrients |
| What are flame cells? | * flame cells - excrete excess water and nitrogen wastes |
| What are ganglia? | *Ganglia - collection of nerves all over the worm |
| How are ganglia used in the flat and roundworms? | *(coordinate responses) |
| How are hermaphroditic organisms unique? | *can reproduce with any other worm |
| What is the difference between regeneration and fission | *fission - splitting into 2 worms *regeneration - able to regrow missing or damaged body parts |
| What type of reproduction are they - sexual or asexual? | *Asexual |
| How are turbellarians unique in the flatworm group? | *Free-living scavengers whose habitat is in fresh and marine water |
| Why are parasites more common in poor countries? | *lack proper sanitation or waste disposal |
| How does a person get a fluke? | *larva in stagnant water enter the human through the skin |
| How are flukes classified? | Classified by the organ they infect |
| Outline the life cycle of a tapeworm: | |
| 1. | humans eat uncooked (undercooked) beef containing cysts in the muscle |
| 2. | cysts develop into larva and anchor to intestine wall |
| 3. | larva mature and reproduce sexually |
| 4. | end proglottids break free and are excreted with fecal matter |
| 5. | cows (intermediate host) ingest eggs. (eats grass/ drinks water) |
| 6. | eggs develop into larva and burrow into the muscle and become cysts |
| What are the two components of a tapeworm? | scolex and proglottids |
| what are scolex and proglottids | *proglottids - body segments that contain reproductive organs *scolex - head region that has hooks and suckers |
| What is schistosomiasis? | *clogs blood vessels which destroys other vital organs |
| How are roundworms different from flatworms? | *Roundworms are Unsegmented invertebrates *Flatworms are segmented Invertebrates |
| What important function do most roundworm species serve? | eat dead plant matter |
| Where would you find a trichinella cyst? | muscle |
| How do you get a filarial larva? | mosquito bites and transmits eggs to intermediate host |
| What disease do filarial worms cause? | elephantiasis |
| Why is it called elephantiasis | makes your ankles and feet big like an elephants. |
| How do people get hookworms? | *larva enter the host through the skin of the foot. |
| What is the most common roundworm parasite in the world? | Ascaris |
| Outline its life cycle of an Ascaris worm | |
| 1. | Eggs are ingested by human through contaminated meat (pork) |
| 2. | Eggs travel to small intestine and hatch into larva |
| 3. | larva enter the bloodstream of the intestine and travel to the lungs |
| 4. | Larva are coughed up in mucous and swallowed |
| 5. | Larva mature into adults and mate |
| 6. | Eggs are released in the fecal matter of the host and eaten by the intermediate host (pigs) |
Created by:
KiahnaL
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