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Genetics Unit Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive. | Trait |
| Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects. (For example, wrinkled seeds or smooth seeds in a pea plant) | Allele |
| An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote (for example, the big T in Tt). Only need 1 copy of dominant allele to show dominant trait. | Dominant Allele |
| An allele whose phenotype is not expressed in a heterozygote (for example, the little r in Rr) - it is "masked" or hidden. Need 2 copies of recessive allele to show recessive trait (rr). | Recessive Allele |
| The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism. (Ex: PP, Pp or pp) | Genotype |
| The EXPRESSED/observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup. | Phenotype |
| A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the predicted genotypic results of random fertilization in genetic crosses between individuals of known genotype. | Punnett Square |
| Having two identical alleles for a given gene. | Homozygous |
| Having two different alleles for a given gene. | Heterozygous |
| A cross between two organisms that are each heterozygous for both of the characters being followed (or the self-pollination of a plant that is heterozygous for both characters). | Dihybrid Cross |
| The situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele. | Incomplete Dominance |
| The situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways. | Codominance |
| Three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait. Classic example of blood type. The alleles for human blood type are A, B and O. (A and B are codominant to O!) Possible blood types are A, B, AB and O. | Multiple Alleles |
| A cross used to determine the unknown outcome of a parent | Test Cross |
| the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms | Genetics |
| Traits that are controlled by more than one pair of ; ex: skin color and hair color | Polygenic trait |
| sex cells = sperm or egg used to create the punnett square | Gametes |
| biological and chemical methods to change DNA sequence | genetic engineering |
| a gene that masks the effect of another | dominant |
| change in a gene or chromosome | mutation |
| the passing of traits from parents to offspring | heredity |
| father of genetics | Gregor Mendel |
| a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes | Meiosis |
| produces two genetically identical diploid cells | Mitosis |
| body cells | somatic cells |
| The chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. crossing-over occurs. | Prophase I (Meiosis) |
| homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber at the kinetochore | Metaphase I (Meiosis) |
| Tetrads split up and head to opposite poles | Anaphase I (Meiosis) |
| the chromosomes are enclosed in nuclei. The cell now undergoes a process called cytokinesis that divides the cytoplasm of the original cell into two daughter cells. | Telophase I (Meiosis) |
Created by:
mrsmacoff
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