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Geology Exam 3
Notes for the third geology exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do dripstone deposits form? | As calcite drips to the ground of the cave, drip by drip they form depostis. |
| Where do stalactites and stalagmites form? | Stalactites form on the ceilings of caves and stalagmites form ont he ground of caves. |
| How do columns form? | When stalactites and stalagmites come together. |
| How do flowstone deposits form? | (same process a sdripstone) They form on the walls of caves whne sheets of water slowly comes in the sides of caves. |
| Travertine | Fresh water limestone |
| Metamorphic rock | Preexisting rocks that have been changed, in the solid state, by heat and /or pressure. |
| Changes of a rock during metamorphism | recrystallization (reforming of the minerals in a rock), increase in grain size, new minerals may (often do) form, increase in density |
| Regional metamorphism | minerals and textures of rocks are chenged by deep burial and heating. It is assosiated with continent-continent collision |
| Sedimentary rocks to their sedimentary environments | Terrestrial- conglomerate, shale, coal, and sandstone (dessert)Transitional- sandstone (beaches)Marine- limestone, rock salt, rock gypsum,chert |
| Chemical precipitate minerals | Calcite-limestone, halite-rock salt, gypsum-rock gypsum, chert-chert |
| Foliation | the parallel alignment of flat and/or elongated grains or the seperation of light and dark colored minerals into a thin layer. |
| How do mechanical and chemical weathering work together? | By breaking down rocks |
| Chemical weathering, product | chemical reactions that change rocks, new minerals, stuff in solution |
| Sediment | loose material derived from the breakdown of preexisting rocks at the earths surface |
| sedimentary rock | a body of sediment turned into rock |
| weathering | the very slow breakdown of any rock at the surface |
| How does foliation form during regional metamorphism? | the platy and elongated mineralsare aligned |
| Sedimentary environment | a setting where sediment is accumulating |
| What is a characteristic (identifying) feature of sedimentary rocks? | particle size |
| Lithification by compaction | compressing the sediment, squeezing the water out |
| Sedimentary rock process | weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, lithification |
| Physical/mechanical weathering, product | any natural process that takes big pieces of rocks and breaks thjem down into smaller pieces, rock and mineral fragments |
| How is chemical weathering affected by climate? | the warmer and moister a climate is, the more effective the weathering |
| Main agents of erosion and transportation | water, wind, glaciers |
| Lithification | forming the rock |
| Detrital/clastic sediments and sedimentary rocks | pebbles, boulders, gravel (conglomerate), sand made of mostly quartz (sandstone), silt fine grained sand made of mostly quartz (siltstone), clay (shale, mudstone) |
| 3 major sedimentary environments | terrestrial, transitional, marine |
| fossil | any traces of once living organisms |
| How do caves form? | They form in limestone that will readily dissolve with acid |
| Sinkhole | a hole in limestone formed from acid water melting part of the limestone |
| speleothem | things deposited within a cave |
| How does coal form? | From plant remains in swamps |
| Evaporite deposit | a sedimentary rock formed from material deposited from solution by the evaporation of water. |
| Lithification by cemetation | the crystallization of minerals among sediment grains |
Created by:
harrisd8
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