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Maternal Nursing Ped
Hondros - Pediatric Nursing Final (chapters 18-25)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Symptoms include: clear nasal discharge, yellow/green if baxterial | Nasopharyngitis aka common cold |
| treatment of nasopharyngitis | Usually resolves on its own in 10 days. Humidified air, saline nose drops, decongestants, antihistamnies.Do not use aspirin - Reye's syndome |
| Symptoms: inflammation of palatines, often occurs with otitis media | Tonsillitis |
| Treatment of tonsillitis | Acetaminophen (pain/fever). Humidifier, Antiobiotics. Tonsillectomy for recurrent infections. |
| Symptoms: High fever, sore throat, dysphonia, dysphagia. inspiratory strider. | Epiglottitis |
| What should you NOT do to diagnos epiglottitis? | Visual inspection - danger of laryngospasm. |
| Treatment of epiglottitis | Intubation, IV antiobiotics, Acetaminophen. Usually treated in the ICu |
| Signs and symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis | Thick, tenacious mucus that obstructs organs with mucus ducts. Loss of electrolytes. Manifested through a meconium ileus, failure to thrive, chronic respiratory infections, clubbing of fingers, trouble gaining weight. |
| How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed? | through a sweat test |
| treatmnent of cystic fibrosis | Maintain max. respiratory function and nutrition for as long as possible.Postural draingge.Aggressive treatment of allergies and colds.Adminster A, D, E, and K. |
| Cause and Manifestations of Bronchiolitis | Caused by RSV.Manifested by wheezing and crackles in lungs, diminished breath sounds (eventual respiratory failure). Begins with nasal stuffiness and fever, but progresses quickly. |
| Treatment of bronchiolitis | Extremely contagious!child will be hospitalized, IV fluids will be ordered, humidified oxygen and medication to open airways, thin secretions, and lower temperature. |
| Symptoms: Inspiratory stridor, seal cough, horseness. | Croup |
| Treatment of croup | *Reduce swelling and open airways: cool mist administered by mask or tent. Intubation may be necessary. |
| Treatment of Pneumonia | Antibiotics (if bacterial) IV fluids, chest physiotherapy, cough suppressants, antipyretics |
| Manifestations of pneumonia | Fever, cough, wheezy breath sounds, possibily diminished or absent in some areas. Respirations fast and labored. |
| Tuberculosis treatment | Isonizid, rifampin. Chest xray. |
| Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome - definition | inadequate production of surfactant in infants. |
| Cause of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia | lung damage and oxygen toxicity from mechanical ventilation |
| An opening in the septum between the left and right atria when the foramen ovale fails to close | Atrial Septal Defect |
| Manifestations of Patent Ductus Arteriosus | Full bounding pulseTachypnea, dyspneaDelayed growth Systolic murmur |
| Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus | Adminstration of IndomethicinPossible surgical litigation |
| Abnormal opening in septum not related to foramen ovale | Ventricular Septal Defect |
| Tetrology of Fallot | combination of:Pulmonary stenosis, SD, right ventricular hypertrophy and overriding aorta |
| Symptoms of Tetrology of Fallot | CyanosisMetabolic acidosisExercise intoleranceClubbing of fingers |
| Narrowing of the aorta | Coarctation |
| Cardinal symptom of coarctation | Blood pressure is higher in arms than in legs |
| Manifestations of transposition of great arteries | cyanosis that doesn't improve with oxygenHypoxia, acidosis, tachypneaCongestive heart failure |
| treatment of congestive heart failure | Administer diuretics, potassium supplements, and inotropics. Possible eventual transplant. |
| Kawasake disease | acute inflammatory illness, affects lymph nodes. most common cause of acquired heart disease in children. |
| Manifestations in ACUTE phase of Kawasaki | fever, conjunctival hyperemia, red throat, swollen hands feet, and enlarged lymph nodes. |
| Manifestations in SUBACUTE phase of Kawasake | desquamation of skin on lips, hands, and feet. Joint pain, thrombosis and aneurysms. |
| Inflammatory disorder that follows strep infections | Acute Rheumatic Fever |
| Manifestations of ARF | painful, inflamed joints, red rash, fever of greater than 100.4Increased heart rate, irregular rythym, tachycardia, afib |
| X linked recessive disorder causing a deficiency in factor 8 or 9 | Hemophilia |
| Bleeding into the tissues and joints | Hemophilia |
| Bleeding disorder of unknown cause with a significant decrease in platelets | Idiopathic Thrombocytomenic Purpura |
| manifestations of ITP | purpura, petechia, hematuria, nosebleeds, ecchymosis |
| Treatment of ITP | administer immune globulin or corticosteroid therapySplenectomy |
| RBCs normal, hemoglobin low | Iron Deficiency Anemia |
| What brings on sickle cell crisis? | Fever, dehydration, vomiting, stress, fatigue, alcohol consumption, pregnancy |
| Inherited disorder of hemoglobin synthesis | Thalassemia |
| Manifestations of Thalassemia | hemosiderin causes tanned appearance. Pathologic fractures, pallor, headache, bone pain. |
| Treatment of thalassemia | There is no curative treatment.Need blood transfusions every 2 to 4 weeks plus iron chelation |
| Hodgkins Lymphoma - common in who? Manifestations? | Common in 15 year old males.Nontender, firm, enlarged lymph nodesOften causes respiratory distressFever, night sweats, weight loss |
| Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia | Overproduction of immature Lymphocytes, which crowd out RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.THROMBOCYTOPENIA = CARDINAL SYMPTOM |
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia | Cancer of the bone marrow. Immature blood cells cause infections, anemia, easy bruising. |
| Lab values of AML | elevated leukocytes, decreased platelets, decreased hemoglobin |
| What types of immunity and cells are lacking in SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease) | Missing humoral and cellular immunity lack of T and B cells |
| Manifestations of AIDS in children | chronic otits media, fever, failure to thrive, diarrhea, thrush, kaposi's sarcoma |
| Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis | Chronic joint inflammation Is AUTOIMMUNE in nature |
| Manifestations of JRA | Fever, rash, enlarged lypmh nodes, pain, swelling and stiffness in joints |
| Autoimmune disease of connective tissue and blood vessels. | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Cardinal manifestation: butterfly rash |
| When the esophagus ends in a blind pouch. | Esophageal atresia. Usually manifests at the same time as a trachoesophageal fistula. |
| Inflammation of small sac at end of cecum. | Appendicitus. Most common in boys between 10 and 16. |
| When bile ducts outside the liver fail to form properly or close off. | Biliary Atresia |
| Treatment of biliary atresia | Eventually must have a liver transplant. Kasai procedure (connect duodenum to hepatic segment) can be done for palliative measures. |
| Autosomal recessive disorder affecting the bodys ability to use phenylalinine | Phenylketonura |
| Cardinal symptom of pyloric stenosis | Projectile vomiting |
| When a portion of intestine telescopes into another. | Intussusception |
| Manifestations of intussusception | sudden, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, brown stool, currant jelly stool. |
| Hirschsprungs Disease | When portions of the intestine are not innervated/missing autonomic parasympathetic ganglia |
| Manifestations of Hirschsprungs | failure to pass meconium refusal to suck abdominal distention meconium emesis |
| Lack of enzyme that converts galactose to glucose | galactosemia (lactose intolerance) |
| Rare in general population; high among amish and mennonites | maple syrup urine disease |
| Tay Sachs Disease | Lack of HEXA enzyme Inability to break down fatty material Fatty build up in brain=nerve damage Death by age 5 |
| <3rd percentile height growth by 1 year | Growth Hormone deficiency |
| Hypoglycemic seizures, hyponatremia, jaundice, pale optic disc | growth hormone deficiency |
| Causes of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | Deficient enzyme for cortisol and aldosterone Blocked aldosterone causes loss of salt |
| Manifestations of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | Ambiguous genitalia in newborn Precocious genitalia in children Early closure of epiphyseal plates |
| Pheocrymocytoma & manifestations | Adrenal tumor that releases epinephrine and norepinephrine Severe hypertension, blurred vision |
| Treatment of ADHD | Change environment, decrease stimuli Administer antihypertensives, arousal agents |
| Gilles de la Tourette | Involuntary movements/noise, especially in stress |
| Coprolalia/Copropraxia | Involuntary obscenities/gestures |
| Incomplete closure of vertebra and neural tube | Spina Bifida |
| Manifestations of Spina Bifida | Meningocele Flaccid paralysis Incontinence |
| Causes of Hydrocephalus | Increased production of CSD Decreased absorption of CSF |
| Manifestations of Hydrocephalus | Head circumference greater than normal - top of head out of proportion "Setting sun" sign (Sclera above iris) |
| Treatment of hydrocephalus | Surgical placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (shunt runs from head to stomach) |
| Status epilepticus | continuous seizure > 30 minutes |
| Manifestation of a focal seizure | blank stare, hear abnormal sounds - no loss of consciousness |
| Manifestations of a generalized seizure | tonic-clonic movement Loss of consciousness Postictal period afterwards |
| Symptoms: Abnormal muscle tone, lack of coordination, asymmetrical crawling | Cerebral palsy |
| Symptoms: fever, lethargic, photophobia, *nuchal rigidity* | Meningitis/Encephalits |
| Reye's syndrome | Acute encephalitis Associated with aspirin use during a viral infection |
| Guillain Barre syndrome - cause and cardinal manifestation | Follows an acute infection, or administration of vaccines -Ascending then descending paralysis |
| Signs of head trauma | Loss of consciousness Amnesia, headache, vomiting Fixed/dilated pupils Decorticate or decerebrate posturing |
| Manifestations of brain tumors | slight behavior change Poor school performance change in coordination |
| Manifestations of Acute Conjunctivitis | Irritation, redness Photophobia Pruritis Drainage |
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sskatygirl
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