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Genetic Mutations

Chromosomal Abnormality

QuestionAnswer
Gene Mutation "Alteration of the nucleotide sequence. Causing: evolution, cancer, or harmful gene changing effects.
Gene Deletion Where part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out during DNA replication.
Proteins Amino acids are attached to each other in long chains to form a protein.
Translocation Mutation A chromosomal abnormality where a chromosome breaks and a portion of it reattaches to a different chromosome.
Traits Are specific "gene determined" characteristics of an individual (hair color or blood type).
Insertion Mutation Is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. Makes gene longer.
Point Mutation Where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.
Meiosis Cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Duplication Mutation Involves the production of one or more copies of a gene or region of a chromosome. Especially prominent among plants.
Crossing Over Where two chromosomes of a homologous pair exchange equal segments with each other. (Cause of genetic variation of offspring).
Amino Acids Organic compounds that combine to form proteins. Are the building blocks of life.
Chromosomal Inversion A condition where a chromosome segment is clipped out, turned upside down, and reinserted back into the chromosome.
Gene Substitution Exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single "chemical letter" such as switching an A to a G).
Frameshift Mutation Caused by (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence. Causes wrong proteins to be made.
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