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Lifespan Test #4
Mod 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Common Bacteria Culprit | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| Pneumonia Etiology | - Bacteria - Virus - Fungus - Aspiration - Artificial Ventilation - Chemical |
| Pneumonia Prevention | - Pneumococcal Vaccine - Flu Vaccine - Coughing / Deep Breathing - Handwashing - Frequent mouth care, and continuous suction for VAP |
| Pneumonia S & S | - Chest Pain - Fever / Chills - Cough / Dyspnea - Yellow, rusty, or blood tinged sputum - Crackles / Wheezes - Malaise |
| Pneumonia Complications | - Pleurisy - Pleural Effusion - Atelectasis (complete/partial collapse of lung) - Spread of Infection |
| Pleurisy | - Inflammation of the tissue that separate lungs from chest wall - Sharp pain that worsens during breathing. |
| Pneumonia Complications (SLAP HER) | S: Septicemia L: Lung abscess A: ARDS P: Para-pneumonic effusions H: Hypotension E: Empyema (pus build up) R: Respiratory / Renal Failure |
| Pneumonia Therapeutic Interventions | - Antibiotics - Antiviral Medication - Bronchodilators - Expectorants (Mucinex) - Oxygen - Fluids |
| Tuberculosis Risk Factors | - Elderly - Alcoholics - Those living in crowded conditions - New immigrants - HIV - Homeless |
| Tuberculosis S & S | - Cough - Blood tinged sputum - Night sweats - Anorexia & Weight Loss - Low Grade Fever - Dyspnea, chest pain (late) |
| Tuberculosis Interventions | - Combination of drug for 6 - 24 months - Isoniazid - Rifampin - Ethambutol - Pyrazinamide |
| COPD | - Combination of chronic bronchitis & emphysema (asthma) - Chronic Airflow Limitation - 88 - 92% air normal |
| Chronic Bronchitis | - Chronic Inflammation - Low Grade Infection (opposite of pneumonia) - Hypertrophied mucous glands in bronchi - Impaired ciliary function - Ineffective airway clearance |
| Emphysema | - Destruction of alveolar walls - Loss of elastic recoil - Damage to pulmonary capillaries - Air trapping - Impaired gas exchange |
| Chronic Bronchitis S & S | - Wheezing, Crackles - Chronic Cough - Dyspnea - Thick, Tenacious sputum - Mucous plugs - Increase susceptibility to infection |
| Emphysema S & S | - Diminished breath sounds - Dyspnea - Progressive activity intolerance |
| Types of lung cancer | - Small cell lung cancer - Large cell carcinoma - Adenocarcinoma - Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Lung Cancer Etiology | - Smoking (80 - 90% of lung cancer) - Environmental tobacco smoke - Asbestos - Arsenic - Pollution |
| Lung Cancer S & S | - None until late - Productive Cough - Recurrent Infection - Dyspnea / wheezing / Stridor - Hemoptysis - Anorexia / Weight Loss - Pain |
| Lung Cancer Therapeutic Interventions | - Stage (tumor nose metastasis system) - Chemotherapy (usually palliative) - Radiation (usually palliative) |
| Pneumonectomy | - Removal of entire lung - Needed if tumor is close to center of chest |
| Lobectomy | - Entire lobe containing the tumor is removed - Usually preferred type |
| Segmentectomy / Wedge Resection | - Only part of a lobe is removed - If client doesn't have enough normal function to withstand removing the whole lobe. |
| Sleeve Resection | - Treats some cancers in large airways. - Can preserve more lung function |
| ABG pH | - Uncompensated acidosis < 7.35 - Uncompensated alkalosis > 7.45 |
| ABG CO2 Respiratory | - Respiratory alkalosis <35 - Respiratory acidosis > 45 |
| ABG HCO3 Metabolic | - Metabolic acidosis < 22 - Metabolic Alkalosis > 27 |
| When the pH and CO2 go in opposite directions | The problem is always respiratory |
| If the pH and CO2 go in the same direction | The problem is metabolic with a respiratory compensation |
| albuterol | - Treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Bronchodilator |
| Rifampin | - Antituberculosis - Inhibits RNA synthesis by blocking RNA transcription in susceptible organisms. |
| Isoniazid | - Antituberculosis - Inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis and interferes with metabolism. |
| Pyrazinamide | - Antituberculosis - Converted to pyrazinoic acid in susceptible strains of Mycobacterium which lowers the pH of the environment. |
| Ethambutol | - Antituberculosis - Inhibits the growth of mycobacteria. |
| Cancer of Larynx | - Primary tumor of mucosal epithelium - Metastasizes to lungs, liver, lymph nodes - Associated with smoking, alcohol - More common in men |
| Cancer of Larynx S & S | - Hoarseness - Change in voice - Pain - Dyspnea - Cough - Dysphagia - Airway obstruction |
| Cancer of Larynx Interventions | - Radiation - Chemotherapy - Laryngectomy |
| Anticholinergics | Block and inhibit the activity of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at both central and peripheral nervous system synapses. |
| Incentive Spirometers | - Helps prevent lung infections by expanding your lungs - Strengthening your lungs - Keeping your lungs inflated and clearing mucus and other secretions from your chest and lungs |
| Tracheostomy | A tube inserted into the opening of the trachea to maintain patency indications |
| Tracheostomy Nursing Care | - Suctioning - Cleaning - Communication - Teaching - Assess lung sounds q4H |
| Types of Tracheostomy | - Metal Tube - Cuffed Plastic Tube - Fenestrated Tube |
| Tracheostomy Nursing Diagnosis | - Ineffective Airway Clearance - Risk for Infection - Impaired Verbal Communication - Disturbed body image - Deficient Knowledge |
| Interventions that can help patients expectorate sputum | - Vibratory positive expiratory pressure (PEP) - Room Humidifier - Huff Coughing |
| Nursing Diagnosis for Restrictive Disorders | - Ineffective breathing pattern - Impaired Gas Exchange - Ineffective Airway Clearance - Activity Intolerance |
| Restrictive Disorders | - Pleurisy (Pleuritis) - Pleural Effusion - Empyema (pus in the pleural space) - Pulmonary Fibrosis - Atelectasis (collapse of alveoli) |
| Assess Patients with Chest Tube | - Observe respiratory rate, effort, symmetry - Assess SOB, pain, anxiety, discomfort - Auscultate lung sounds - Palpate insertion site for crepitus, air leaking into tissue - Conform dressing is intact, observe drainage. |
| Notify RN or HCP with Chest Tube | - Patient suddenly reports increasing dyspnea - There is a change in the patients assessment findings - The drainage chamber is full and needs to be changed - Chest tube is accidently pulled out before pneumothorax is resolved |
Created by:
Cgannon12
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