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PNB chapter 3
Lecture 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the density of air compared to water? | Low |
| What 2 effects does water's density have? | Locomotion and respiration |
| Diffusion of gases in water is what compared to the diffusion of gasses in air? | Low |
| The solubility of O2 in water is what compared to the solubility in air? | Low |
| Why is the solubility of CO2 greater in water? | CO2 reacts with water to create bicarbonate and carbonic acid |
| Is oxygen 30x more soluble and 30x more concentrated in air or in water? | Air |
| Air-breathers rely more on WHAT since there is plenty of atmospheric O2 | CO2 chemoreceptors |
| Water-breathers often have stronger WHAT because water is O2-limited | O2 chemoreceptors |
| Why must the respiratory surface of the lung or skin of the animal must be moist to dissolve O2 gas | Because in air, the oxygen must first dissolve before it can diffuse |
| If there is more surface area, is there more or less gas exchange | more |
| What is cutaneous respiration | gas exchange occurring across the skin |
| How can skin cause for additional gas exchange | by increasing surface are i.e. baggy skin |
| What type of skin must cutaneous respiration animals have | soft, moist skin |
| What type of skin shouldn't cutaneous respiration animals have | tough exoskeleton |
| What is the first step of coupled respiratory and circulatory systems | bulk flow enters lungs |
| What is the second step of coupled respiratory and circulatory systems | oxygen dissolves in the moist respiratory membrane and diffuses into the respiratory vasculature of the alveoli |
| What is the third step of coupled respiratory and circulatory systems | Oxygen is transported attached to hemoglobin throughout the systemic circulation (bulk flow of blood). |
| What is the fourth (last) step of coupled respiratory and circulatory systems | Oxygen diffuses to respiring cells through the capillaries (e.g., in muscles) |
| What is the first step of Bulk Flow of Respiratory Medium w/o Involving a Circulatory System | The bulk flow of air enters the body through openings called spiracles |
| What are spiracles | branching network of tubes to reach the cells |
| How does oxygen reach the cells through Bulk Flow of Respiratory Medium w/o Involving a Circulatory System | Dissolved gases of O2 directly diffuse upon contact with cells |
| What are the types of aquatic respiration in marine invertebrates | breathing using gills, a water vascular system, or respiratory trees for gas exchange |
| What is the most common respiratory system | coupled respiratory and circulatory systems |
| What does the Aquatic snail use for invertebrate respiration | ventilate sheet-like gills using ciliary action |
| What does the Lamellibranch bivalves use for invertebrate respiration | highly modified gills (ctenidia) |
| What is the function of ctenidia’s cilia | serves as a filter feeding apparatus, so the organ has both respiratory and digestive function |
| What type of gills do Cephalopods have | paired gills |
| What is unique about Decapod crustacean gills | The water flow is unidirectional |
| What does the hagfish use to ventilate | a muscular velum |
| How does water travel in hagfishes | enters mouth, down the pharynx, & into the bilateral atria |
| What is the name of the gill opening that lets out water in hagfishes | atriopore |
| What is unique about the gill pouches in Lampreys | the gill pouches allows ventilation to be both unidirectional and tidal |
| What type of ventilation of gas exchange does Continuously-swimming sharks use | ram ventilation |
| Per arch in bony fishes, how many columns of open gill filaments are there | two |
| What increases the surface area available for gas exchange on each gill filament in bony fishes | Lamellae |
| What is the name of the sites of gas exchange on Lamellae | Capillary beds |
| What is the name of gill chambers | operculum |
| Is concurrent (parallel) flow or countercurrent (antiparallel) flow more efficient for oxygen uptake relating to blood/water flow | countercurrent |
| Why can't the partial pressure of blood exceed the partial pressure of water | blood would diffuse out of the body |
| Is oxygenated blood afferent (trailing) or efferent (leading) | afferent |
| Is deoxygenated blood afferent (trailing) or efferent (leading) | efferent |
Created by:
shantel_1
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