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3.1/3.2 Genes

QuestionAnswer
difference between eukaryotic chromosomes and prokaryotic eukaryotic- linear, histones, multiple chromosomes/prokaryotic- circular, no histones, singular chromosome
John Cairns used autoradiography to look at DNA, radioactively labeled thymine in E. Coli DNA
plasmid small DNA molecule physically separated from chromosomal DNA
genome the whole of the genetic information of an organism
relationship between size and complexity of a genome no correlation
Human Genome Project sequenced all 3 billion base pairs of the human genome, useful for mapping, screening, medicine, and ancestry
gene length of DNA controlling a heritable characteristic, same locus
allele specific form of a gene, same locus, formed by mutations
gene mutation change in nucleotide sequence, natural mutation (base substitution) or radiation and mutagenic chemicals
Chernobyl 1986 nuclear meltdown, high incidence of thyroid cancer to due radioactive iodine
Hiroshima 1945 atomic bombing, greater risk of cancer linked to higher radiation exposure
sickle cell anemia base substitution mutation, changes in transcription and translation, glutamic acid becomes valine, protein is fibrous and insoluble cells become sickle shaped
karyotype number of chromosomes an individual has
karyogram visual profile of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in homologous pairs
creation of a karyogram harvested from fetus or adult white blood cells, halted during metaphase, chromosomes stained and photographed, arranged according to structure
application of a karyogram tests for chromosomal abnormalities, determines sex,
sampling of a karyogram amniocentesis- amniotic fluid/chorionic villus sampling- chorionic villi from placenta
Created by: luciepike
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