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Nutrition-Proteins
Proteins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Proteins | are organic compounds made of amino acids. "Building blocks"(also known as polypeptides){Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & NITROGEN} |
| Function of proteins | Builds/repairs body tissues (amino acids), last resort for energy, maintains blood circulation (plasma proteins), digestion (enzymes) |
| Food sources | meats, eggs, nuts, grains, legumes, and dairy products such as milk and cheese. |
| Digestion begins | in the stomach. (when pepsinogen is converted to pepsin) |
| Antibodies | are (gamma globulin) plasma proteins that are found in blood, neutralizes harmful microorganisms. |
| Protein deficiency | Kwashiorkor, Marasmus and Mental retardation. (children, also found in people who are dieting or crash dieting to lose weight, or in older adults,) |
| Protein energy | 4 k cal/g |
| 20 amino acids | 9 essential amino acids (diet intake only) The rest are "nonessential" amino acids (created by body) |
| Fibrinogen | a soluble plasma glycoprotein that is synthesized by the liver. |
| Fibrin | made from fibrinogen, is a fibrous protein involved in the clotting of blood. |
| Albumin | an important plasma protein with water solubility. (helps maintain body's fluid balance) |
| Cachexia | is loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness and significant loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight. (Usually in cancer patients) |
| Complete Protein | Contains ALL of the essential amino acids. |
| Incomplete Proteins | lack one or more of the essential amino acids. |
| Pepsin (1 of 5 digestive enzymes) | a protease which breaks down food proteins into peptides. |
| Chymotrypsin (2 of 5 digestive enzymes) | a protease which hydrolyzes other amide bonds in peptides at slower rates. (synthesized in the pancreas.) |
| Trypsin (3 of 5 digestive enzymes) | a protease which hydrolyzes proteins. (produced in the pancreas, secreted into small intestine) |
| Serum albumin | the most abundant blood plasma protein. (about 60% of human plasma protein, produced in the liver) |
| Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | is a deficiency in transport of trypsin and other digestive enzymes from the pancreas. |
| Enzymes | specialized proteins |
| Amino Acids | "building blocks" of proteins. |
| Deamination | removal of nitrogen (from protein) |
| Erepsin (4 of 5 digestive enzymes) | a protease in intestinal juice. |
| Rennin (5 of 5 digestive enzymes) | an enzyme in gastric juice. (infants breaks down casein - protein in milk) |
| Supplementation | The mixing of foods to form complete proteins. |
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