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Medical Terminology
Chapter 7 - Nervous System and Mental Health
Term | Definition |
---|---|
neur/o, neur/i | Nervous System, Nervous Tissue, Nerve |
gli/o | Neuroglia |
gangli/o, ganglion/o | Ganglion |
mening/o, meninge/o | Meninges |
myel/o | Spinal Cord (Also Bone Marrow) |
radicul/o | Spinal Nerve Root |
encephal/o | Brain |
cerebr/o | Cerebrum (Loosely, Brain) |
cortic/o | Cerebral Cortex, Outer Portion |
cerebell/o | Cerebellum |
thalam/o | Thalamus |
ventricul/o | Cavity, Ventricle |
medull/o | Medulla Oblongata (Also Spinal Cord) |
psych/o | Mind |
narc/o | Stupor, Unconciousness |
somn/o, somn/i | Sleep |
-phasia | Speech |
-lalia | Speech, Babble |
-lexia | Reading |
-plegia | Paralysis |
-paresis | Partial Paralysis, Weakness |
-lepsy | Seizure |
-phobia | Persistent, Irrational Fear |
-mania | Excited State, Obessession |
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) | Regulates involuntary activities. Controls smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands. (Visceral Nervous System) |
Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain and Spinal Cord |
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) | Part of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes a response to stress, increases heart rate and respiration rate, and delivers more blood to skeletal muscle. (FIGHT OR FLIGHT) |
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Water fluid that circulates in and around the brain and spinal cord for protection |
Contralateral | Affecting the opposite side of the body |
Ipsilateral | On the same side (Unilateral) |
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) | Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of cerebral blood flow. Possible causes are atherosclerosis, thrombosis, or a ruptured aneurysm. (Stroke) |
Coma | State of deep unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused |
Convulsion | Series of violent, involuntary muscle contractions: Tonic - Involves prolonged muscle contractions Clonic - Alteration of contraction and relaxation |
Concussion | Injury resulting from a violent blow or shock |
Compulsion | Repetitive, stereotyped act performed to relieve tension |
Delusion | False belief inconsistent with knowledge and experience |
Hallucination | False perception unrelated to reality or external stimuli |
Amnesia | Loss Of Memory |
Delirium | Sudden and temporary state of confusion marked by excitement, physical restlessness, and incoherence |
Dementia | Gradual and usually irreversible loss of intellectual function |
Paranoid | Mental state characterized by jealousy and delusions of persecution |
Psychosis | Mental state extreme enough to cause gross misperception of reality with delusions and hallucinations |
Euphoria | Exaggerated feeling of well-being, elation |
Lethargy | State of sluggishness or stupor |
Stupor | State of unconsciousness or lethargy with loss of responsiveness |
Reflex | Simple, rapid, and automatic responses to stimulus |
Paralysis | Temporary or permanent loss of function |
Seizure | Sudden attack/epilepsy (Most Common Forms: Tonic-Clonic or Grand Mal, Absence Seizure, Petit Mal, and Psychomotor Seizure) |
Tremor | Shaking or involuntary movement |
ACh | Acetylcholine |
ANS | Autonomic Nervous System |
CNS | Central Nervous System |
CSF | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
CVA | Cerebrovascular Accident or Cardiovascular Disease |
CVD | Cerebrovascular Disease |
DTR | Deep Tendon Reflexes |
EEG | Electroencephalogram or Electroencephalography |
ICP | Intracranial Pressure |
LOC | Level Of Conciousness |
LP | Lumbar Puncture |
MS | Multiple Sclerosis |
PNS | Peripheral Nervous System |
REM | Rapid Eye Movement (Sleep) |
TIA | Transient Ischemic Attack |