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Vocab Ch.10
Honors Biology Ch.10 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alternation of generations | A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae. |
| asexual reproduction | The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes. In most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent. |
| autosome | A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome |
| chiasma | structures formed between a pair of homologous chromosomes by cross recombination |
| clone | (1) A group of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage, an individual that is genetically identical to another individual. |
| crossing over | The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis |
| diploid cell | A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent |
| fertilization | The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote. |
| gamete | A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm, that is formed by meiosis or is the descendant of cells formed by meiosis |
| gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA |
| genetics | The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation |
| haploid cell | A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n) |
| heredity | The transmission of traits from one generation to the next |
| homologous chromosome | A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci |
| karyotype | A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape |
| locus | A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located |
| meiosis | A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication |
| meiosis I | The first division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell |
| meiosis II | The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell |
| recombinant chromosome | A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome |
| sex chromosome | A chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual |
| sexual reproduction | Reproduction arising from fusion of two gametes |
| somatic cell | Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors |
| synapsis | The pairing and physical connection of one duplicated chromosome to its homolog during prophase I of meiosis |
| tetrad | a group or arrangement of four |
| zygote | The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg |
| variation | Differences between members of the same species |
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