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Genetics Reference

TermDefinition
Law of Segregation traits are determined by pairs of alleles that segregate during meiosis so that each gamete received one allele.
Allele one of the two forms of a gene; use letters to represent an allele.
Dominant the form of a trait that always appear the individual has the allele. The uppercase letter.
Recessive the form of the trait that only appears when an individuals has two alleles for it. The lower case letters.
Homozygous an organism that has two identical alleles of a gene; for example AA or aa
Heterozygous an organism that has two different alleles of a gene; for example Aa
Genotype the combination of alleles for any given trait; the letters that represent the alleles
Phenotype the physical and physiological traits of an organism; how they actually look
Punnett Square a grid used to illustrate all possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from genetic crosses.
Monohybrid Cross a cross by two individuals that differ by one trait
Dihybrid Cross a cross of two individuals that differ in two traits due to two different genes.
Law of Independent Assortment the alleles for one gene segregate or assort independently of the alleles for other genes during gamete formation.
Created by: spock!
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