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Anatomy 10
joints
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| joint | holds 2 different bones in close association of each other |
| fibrous joint | held together by dense collagen fibers, little or no movement (synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis) made of sutures and syndesmosis |
| cartilaginous joints | held together by cartilage (fibro or hyaline), little or no movement (synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis) -symphysis and synchondrosis |
| synovial joints | held together by ligaments, has synovial cavity, freely moveable (diarthrosis) |
| synarthrosis | no movement |
| amphiarthrosis | slightly moveable joint |
| diarthrosis | freely moveable joint |
| sutures | thin layers of dense fibrous connective tissue, unites bones of skull |
| syndesmosis | fibrous joint (bones united by ligament), slight movement (amphiarthrosis) |
| gomphosis (syndesmosis example) | slightly moveable, your teeth |
| interosseous (syndesmosis) | tibia and fibula / radius and ulna |
| synchondrosis | hyaline cartilage, little or no movement ex: epiphyseal plate or joints btw ribs and sternum |
| symphysis | fibrocartilage, little or no movement ex: back, fusion btw pelvis |
| synovial membrane | has fluid and connective tissue |
| extracapsular ligaments | outside joint capsule |
| intracapsular ligaments | within capsule |
| articular discs/ menisci (meniscus) | allow 2 bones of different shape to fit together better |
| bursae | sac of fluid between bones and something else, reduce friction |
| tendon sheath | tube-like bursae |
| sprain | twisting of joint that stretches or tears ligaments, damaged blood vessels |
| strain | less serious injury, overstretched muscle |
| planar | synovial joint, flat slightly curves bones, movement: gliding (biaxial)and some rotation (triaxial) |
| gliding | back and forth, side to side |
| angular movement | increase or decrease the angle |
| flexion (angle move) | decrease angle |
| extension (angle move) | increase angle |
| lateral flexion (angle move) | movement of trunk sideways to left or right at waist |
| hyperextension (angle move) | move too far opposite way |
| abduction (angle move) | movement away from midline (moving arm up away from body) |
| adduction (angle move) | movement toward midline (moving arm back by side) |
| circumduction (angle move) | movement of body part in a circle |
| rotation (angle move) | ability to revolve around an axis (like pivoting your head back and forth) |
| DONT NEED TO KNOW TYPE OF JOINT -examples | |
| hinge | synovial, convex surface into concave surface, movement: flexion, extension, hyperextension (uniaxial) |
| pivot | synovial, round surface in a ring, movement: supination, pronation, rotation (uniaxial) |
| ellipsoid (condyloid) | synovial, oval projection fits into oval depression, movement: flex, extend, abduct, adduct (biaxial) |
| saddle | synovial, ONLY IN THUMB, flex, extend, abduct, adduct, circumduction (biaxial) |
| ball and socket | flex, extend, circumduction, rotation (tri or multiaxial) ex: shoulder and hip |
Created by:
bellai
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