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Unit 6 End

Hominids/Origins of Life/Genetic Drift/Cladograms

QuestionAnswer
What are the four prerequisites for natural selection? Overproduction of Offspring, Variation, Adaptation/Competition, and Descent with Modification
What is bipedalism? The ability to walk upright (on two feet)
Overtime, what happened to the brain cavity size of the hominids, and what did that mean for their intelligence? Brain cavity got bigger, which meant more intelligence.
Overtime, what happened to the jaw size of the hominids? The jaw size got smaller.
What can't fossils tell us? The language or communication used by the hominid
Does brain size affect a hominids bipedalism? No, all hominids had bipedalism no matter the size of their brain.
What did Miller-Urey's experiment prove? Chemical evolution, making life from organic materials, is possible
What was Miller-Urey's experiment? The setup simulated the early atmosphere on earth, little to no oxygen, water, and a spark to imitate lightning
What is endosymbiosis? The theory that prokaryotes engulfed each other to form eukaryotes.
What is proof of endosymbiosis? The mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and reproduce separately.
What is the RNA World Hypothesis? That RNA existed before DNA
Why did DNA replace RNA? DNA was more stable over the long-term
What did Pasteur's Experiment prove? Spontaneous generation, life from nothing, is not possible
What was Pasteur's experiment setup? A sealed flask grew no bacteria, but one exposed to open air did grow bacteria.
What is a population? a group of individuals of the same species that mate and produce offspring
What is a gene pool? all genes and the alleles for those genes present in a population
What is allele frequency? the number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared to the total number of alleles in that pool for the same gene.
Evolution involved a change in what over time? the frequency of alleles in a population
What is genetic drift? random change in allele frequency in a population over time
What is the bottleneck effect? random change in allele frequency in a population over time due to a dramatic reduction in the size of the population due to events like a natural disaster or disease
What is the founder effect? random change in allele frequency in a population over time as a result of migration of a small subgroup of a population, creating a new gene pool different from the original population
What is a species? group that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
What is speciation? the formation of new species, occurs whenever reproductive isolation develops
Which kingdom of life is single-called, contain a cell wall, but do not contain a nucleus, and are mostly heterotrophs? Eubacteria
Which kingdom of life is single-called, contain a cell wall, but do not contain a nucleus, and live in extreme environments? Archaebacteria
Which kingdom of life is multi-called, contain a cell wall and a nucleus, and are autotrophs? Plantae
Which kingdom of life is multi-called, contain a cell wall and a nucleus, and are heterotrophs? Fungi
Which kingdom of life is multi-called, contain a nucleus, but do not contain a cell wall, and are heterotrophs? Animalia
Which kingdom of life is mostly single-called, contain a nucleus, may or may not have a cell wall and can be either autotrophs or heterotrophs? Protista
What is a cladogram? a diagram that show closely two or more groups are related based on shared and derived characters. (fun line diagram)
What are derived characters? a characteristic that is not shared between two groups. (differences) OR a characteristic that one organism has that others do not
What is an outgroup? a distantly-related organism that does not have any of the derived characters. (simplest creature)
In a phylogenetic tree, what is found at every fork? A common ancestor!
Created by: zahnsg
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