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Chapter 10 Vocab

Chapter 10: The Principals of Evolution

TermDefinition
Evolution the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors
Species a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to reproduce fertile offspring
Fossil traces of organisms that existed in the past
Catastrophism states that natural disasters such as flood and volcanic eruptions have happened often during Earth's long history
Gradualism principle that states landforms resulted from slow changes over a long period of time
Uniformitarianism states that geologic process that shape Earth are uniform through time
Variation the difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs
Adaptation a feature that allows an organism to better survive and reproduce in its environment
Artificial Selection process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits
Heritability the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next
Natural Selection a mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations show different reproductive success
Population all the individuals of a species that live in an area
Fitness a measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relate to other members of the population in a given environment
Biogeography the study of the distribution of organisms around the world
Homologous Structure features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have different functions
Analogous Structure structures that perform a similar function but are not similar in origin
Vestigial Structure remnants of organs or structure found in an early ancestor that no longer serve an useful function or may now serve a different function
Paleontology the study of fossils or extinct organisms
Created by: SavanahT
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