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Diagnostic horizons

Epipedons and diagnostic subsoil horizons

TermDefinition
Mollic epipedon A horizon; thick (>25 cm); dark, org matter rich (>0,6%); HIGH base saturation (>50%)
Umbric epipedon A horizon; thick (>25 cm); dark, org matter rich (>0,6%); LOW base saturation (<50%)
Melanic epipedon A horizon; Thick, very dark rich in organic matter (> 6% Org carbon) forms in volcanic ash, wet environment, fluffy mineral soil
Histic epipedon O Horizon; 20-60cm thick layer of organic soil material (peat or muck) on top of mineral layer; rich in org matter (>20% Org carbon); low mineral = very low density forms in wet environments
Ochric epipedon A horizon; default surface horizon; light, thin, low Org matter
Albic E horizon; light colored eluvial, leached (at least 80%) high in quartz, low in clay, Fe, Al oxides
Spodic Bh and Bs horizons; Organic matter, Fe and AL oxide accumulation dark, illuvial accumulation often found under Albic horizon
Argillic Bt horizon; Accumulation of clay/silicates Thick; Clay Films
Kandic Bt and Bts horizon; Accumulation of low activity clay/silicates; NO Clay Films; Old clays (kaolinite) = more weathered, lower ion exchange capacity Fe and Al oxides
Natric Btn horizon; accumulation of clay; clay films; HIGH SODIUM; columnar or prismatic structure; arid or semiarid
Oxic Bo Horizon; Thick; very highly weathered; high in end-member clays (non-sticky type); high in Fe and Al Oxides; wet tropical/subtropical regions
clay films clay coating pore walls and surfaces creating bridges between sand grains; concentration of clays translocated from upper horizons
epipedon diagnostic surface horizons; every soil has one
Created by: cpfc_brain
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