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TermDefinition
Diploid Two sets of Chromosomes 46 chromosomes 23 pairs (represented as 2n)
Haploid One set of chromosomes (represented by letter n)
Homologous Chromosomes Matching pairs of chromosomes can have different versions of the same jeans.
Locus Genes Fixed position on chromosome where a specific gene is.
Cell cycle Ordered sequence of events
Interphase The cell does its normal job, duplicate everything as well as chromosomes. It also grows in size.
Mitotic phase Consists of mitosis, nucleus divides into 2 and Cytokinesis divides in 2.
G1 Growth phase
S DNA synthesis- double amount of genetic material
G2 Replenishes the cells energy. It synthesizes the proteins for chromosome manipulation.
Mitosis (M) Responsible for the growth & maintenance of multicellular organisms. Responcible for asexual reproduction too.
Prophase Chromosomes condensing and we are also getting are mitotic spindle. And you can see distict chromosomes
Prometaphase The stage of mitosis during which mitotic spindle fibers attach to kinetochores
Metaphase metaphase middle, chromosomes are pushed so they are in the middle of the cell.
Anaphase Anaphase, a part, microtubules pull apart and separate.
Telophase The chromosomes are on either side and we see and nuclear envelope reforms around them.
Cytokinesis Divides the cytoplasm. Moment where cell divides in two. In animal cells they pinch together (cleavage). Plant cells form a disk.
Cell plate In plant cell it is the formation of a cell wall from vesicles which makes the separating of the cell.
G o Resting phase
Cell cycle checkpoints Checks to make sure compromised cells do not divide until the conditions are favorable.
Proto-oncogenes Normal Gene that controls cell division.
Oncogenes mutated version of a cell that allows for uncontrolled cell cycle.
Tumor suppressor genes Gene that controls proteins that prevents the cell from dividing.
Binary fusion prokaryotes dividing
Orgin region where prokaryotic division occurs.
Septum Wall formed between bacteria to show separation.
Meiosis Produces gametes (sexual reproduction). Sexually reproducing organisms can use both.
Parthenogenesis An individual can produce offspring by sexual reproduction typically but can reproduce with sperm & egg.
XX Chromosomes Female
XY Chromosomes Male
Karyotype The chart of chromosomes. Total chromosomes should 46 on the spreadsheet
Chromosomes Most are in Nucleus, but there are a few in the mitochondria and chloroplasts. Each Chromosome contains 1 long DNA Molecule.
Interphase Cells are not dividing, but
Mitotic spindle Guides separation of 2 sets of chromosomes.
Human Somatic Cells Regular body cells, contain the 46 chromosomes.
autosomes 22 matching chromosomes
Prophase 1 Chromosomes overlap and the DNA trades.
Metaphase 1 Line up in the middle, but
Anaphase 1 chromosomes pull apart, but this time we are separating homologous chromosomes..
Telophase/ Cytokinesis haploid daughter cells form.
Genetic recombination produces gene combination different from those carried by parental chromosomes.
Nondisjunction chromosome pairs do not separate in anaphase. Can happen in mitosis and meiosis,
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