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Bio CH 13
woo hoo
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| RNA | single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose. |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template. |
| messenger RNA | type of RNA that carries copies of instructions |
| promoter | specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription |
| ribosomal RNA | a type of stable RNA that is a major constituent of ribosomes. |
| intron | a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes. |
| transfer RNA | RNA consisting of folded molecules which transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome. |
| exon | a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence. |
| transcription | the process by which genetic information represented by a sequence of DNA nucleotides is copied into newly synthesized molecules of RNA, with the DNA serving as a template. |
| polypeptide | a linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of (or the whole of) a protein molecule. |
| translation | the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein. |
| genetic code | the nucleotide triplets of DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in living cells. |
| anticodon | a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. |
| codon | a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. |
| gene expression | the appearance in a phenotype of a characteristic or effect attributed to a particular gene. |
| mutation | he changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion. |
| mutagen | an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, which causes genetic mutation. |
| point mutagen | genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a DNA or RNA sequence of an organism's genome. |
| polyploidy | the heritable condition of possessing more than two complete sets of chromosomes |
| frameshift mutation | the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three. |
| operon | a cluster of genes that are transcribed together to give a single messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which therefore encodes multiple proteins |
| homeotic gene | genes which regulate the development of anatomical structures in various organisms such as echinoderms, insects, mammals, and plants. |
| operator | A segment of DNA where the repressor binds to, thereby preventing the transcription of certain genes |
| homeobox gene | Any of various DNA sequences containing about 180 nucleotides that encode for corresponding sequences of usually 60 amino acids, called homeodomains, found in proteins that bind DNA and regulate gene transcription. |
| RNA indifference | a biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression |
| Hox gene | members of the homeotic transcription factor family that play a key role in controlling the body plan along the cranio-caudal axis (also referred to as anterior–posterior) |
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