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BIO 410 Exam 2
Musculoskeletal
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| simple fracture | closed; contained; didn't come through the skin |
| compound fracture | open; not contained; came through the skin |
| incomplete fracture | not broken completely through the bone |
| complete fracture | broken totally through the bone |
| greenstick fracture | one side breaks and other side bends; children; splinters |
| comminuted/segmental fracture | 3 or more pieces break from the shaft |
| transverse fracture | across bone |
| displaced fracture | bone moves out of alignment |
| oblique fracture | diagonal break of bone |
| spiral fracture | twisting; possible sign of abuse |
| compacted fracture | end of bone is driven into shaft |
| compression fracture | crushed or clasped vertebrae |
| epiphyseal fracture | along plate, can stop growth, but heals well |
| Colles' fracture | distal radius; reaching out during a fall |
| impacted fracture | one end forced into adjacent bone |
| pathologic fracture | results from weakness; occurs with little stress |
| stress fracture | fatigue fractures |
| hematoma | fibrin network formed |
| phagocytic cells | remove debris |
| fibroblasts | new collagen fibers |
| chondroblasts | form new cartilage |
| osteoblasts | new bone |
| step one bone healing | bleeding; produce a clot |
| step two bone healing | bone growth stabilizes the break |
| step three bone healing | osteoblasts (build) |
| step four bone healing | osteoblasts and osteocytes remodel the fracture |
| closed reduction | pressure to restore bone position |
| open reduction | surgery to align or insert pins, screw rods, or plates |
| dislocation | separation of two bones at a joint; loss of contact between articulating surfaces |
| separation | ligament is injured |
| sprain | tear in ligament |
| strain | tear in tendon |
| first degree tear | small percentage of muscle fibers |
| second degree tear | involves much of muscle but not complete tear |
| third degree tear | complete tear across width of muscle |
| lordosis | swayback; curves inward at lower back |
| kyphosis | humpback; abnormally round upper back |
| scoliosis | S or C-shaped; sideways curve to the spine |
| What is osteosarcoma? | the most common neoplasm of bone |
| Rickets and Osteomalacia | vitamin D deficiency; skeletal deformities; soft bones in adults |
| Paget's Disease | bone destruction replaced by fibrous tissue; common cause of pathologic fractures |
| osteomyelitis | bone infection |
| What is a warning sign for osteosarcoma? | bone pain at rest |
| chondrosarcoma | cartilage cells have cancer |
| Ewing's sarcoma | high cure rate; in the shaft of long bones in adolescents |
Created by:
kristina2992
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