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Anatomy 9
skeletal system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 6 function of skeletal system? | support, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, trigliceride storage |
| hemopoisis / hematopoiesis | blood cell production, occurs in spongy bone |
| diaphysis | shaft of bone |
| epiphysis | end of bone |
| metaphysis | neck of bone, contains epiphyseal growth/line plate |
| bone matrix consists of? | 25% water, 25% collagen fibers, 50% crystalized mineral salts (calcium and phosphate) |
| calcification | bone getting hard, initiated by osteoblasts |
| cells in bone? | osteogenic, osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclast |
| osteogenic | cell division and becomes osteoblast |
| osteoclast | release enzyme to digest minerals, regulate calcium levels -breaks down bone |
| osteoblast | produce matrix and build bone |
| osteocyte | mature, exchange mineral and waste, bone quality sensor |
| lacunae | pocket for bone cells |
| compact bone | resists stress from weight and movement, has osteons/ Haversian system |
| concentric lamellae | rings around central canals |
| canaliculi | tiny tubes connected to cells, filled with extracellular fluid |
| what happens if weak spot in bone? | osteocyte sees weak spot, osteoclast come in and drill a hole in bone, osteoblast come in and build new strong bone |
| spongy bone | NO OSTEONS, has trabeculae -has osteocytes in lacunae but not middle canal |
| trabeculae of spongy bone | orientated along lines of stress |
| bone | supplied with blood and nerves all throughout |
| nutrient artery and vein | one leaving and penetrating the bone |
| How we form bone? | formation as embryo, growth till adulthood, remodeling of bone, repair of fractures |
| vitamins in bones | A, C, K, and B12 for osteoblasts, D for GI tract |
| Insulin like growth factors (IGFs) | from liver, stimulates osteoblasts and chondroblasts (bone and cartilage) |
| thyroid hormone | promotes bone growth |
| estrogen and testosterone | bone growth, growth spurt |
| open (compound) fracture | broken bone through skin |
| closed (simple) fracture | bones doesn't break skin |
| comminuted fracture | bone broken into pieces at break |
| greenstick gracture | one bone is broken an done is bent (only in children and immature bone) |
| impacted fracture | broken bone forced into the other bone |
| potts fracture | by ankle that affects articulation of tibula |
| colles fracture | by wrist affects articulation of ulnar |
| calcium homeostasis 3 hormones | parathyroid and calcitriol (keeps calcium up), and calcitonin |
Created by:
bellai
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