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TRANSITIONS
Patton Chapter 1 - Introduction to the Body
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| An idea or principle to be tested in experiments. | Hypothesis |
| A series of tests of a hypothesis; a controlled experiment eliminates biases or outside influences. | Experiment |
| A hypothesis that has been supported by experiments and thus shown to have a high degree of confidence. | Theory of Law |
| The smallest structural units; organizations of various chemicals. | Cells |
| Organization of similar cells | Tissues |
| Organization of different types of tissues | Organs |
| Organization of many different kinds of organs | Systems |
| Organization of all systems together, forming a whole body | Organism |
| Set of interacting communities of bacteria and other microorganisms that inhibit the human body; influences normal body function. | Microbiome |
| Lying face down | Prone |
| Lying face up | Supine |
| Toward the head, upper, above | Superior |
| Toward the feet, lower, below | Inferior |
| Front, In front of (same as ventral in humans) | Anterior |
| Back, In back of (same as dorsal in humans) | Posterior |
| Toward the midline | Medial |
| Away from the midline or toward the side of a structure | Lateral |
| Toward or nearest the trunk or point of origin | Proximal |
| Away from the trunk or point of origin | Distal |
| Nearer the body surface | Superficial |
| Farther away from the body surface | Deep |
| Divides structure into left and right sections | Sagittal Plane |
| Divides the body into two equal halves | Midsagittal Plane |
| Lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections | Frontal (Coronal) Plane |
| Horizontal plane that divides a structure into upper and lower sections | Transverse Plane |
| Any plane that is NOT parallel to any other plane, thus producing a slanted section | Oblique Plane |
| Contains the brain (cranial cavity) and spinal cord (spinal cavity) | Dorsal Cavity |
| Contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities | Ventral Cavity |
| Contains the mediastinum (midportion of thoracic cavity - heart and trachea) and pleural cavities (bilateral lungs in their pleural cavities) | Thoracic Cavity |
| Contains the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and subdivisions noted as 4 quadrants and 9 regions. | Abdominopelvic Cavity |
| Head, neck, and torso / trunk | Axial Region |
| Upper and lower extremities | Appendicular Region |
| Occurs when not used; decrease in size | Atrophy |
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