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SBI3U1: Plants
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 7 ecosystem services provided by plants | food, clothing, shelter, medicine, fuel, ecotourism, oxygen |
| Photosynthesis occurs in: | plants, some bacteria, some protists |
| The word equation for photosynthesis | carbon dioxide + water --(light energy)--> glucose + oxygen |
| Do plants undergo cellular respiration? | YES |
| Approximately how much of the oxygen in the atmosphere is produced by plants? | 50% |
| Where does the 50% oxygen in the atmosphere come from? (Not plants) | Photosynthetic aquatic organisms |
| What is the main component of plant cell walls? | Cellulose |
| Cellulose | A carbohydrate made up of many glucose molecules linked together |
| Why is it that out of 50 000 edible plant crops, only 150 of them are used for commercial food production? | - How easy the plant is to acquire/cultivate - Market demand (starches (rice, potatoes), sugar) |
| Which three plant crops make up 60% of the calories consumed by humans directly from plants? | Wheat, rice, corn |
| Why is agriculture important to the Canadian society? | - Provides people with food and jobs - 1 in 9 jobs in Canada is in the agricultural industry - Accounts for almost 10% of Canada's GDP |
| How does the "three sisters" have a mutualistic (symbiotic) relationship? | Corn: vertical structure for beans to climb Beans: when they die and decay, it adds nitrogen to the soil which corn and squash can use for life processes Squash: acts as ground cover, protecting corn & beans from dehydration, weeds, and pests |
| Grain crops in Canada include: | wheat, barley, oats, rye |
| Food oils produced from Canadian crops come from: | Soybeans & flaxseed, canola |
| Why is it important to achieve food security? | Safe and nutritious food available = healthy |
| Two advantages of monoculture | - ease of caring for one area covered by the same plant increases crop yield - similar treatment, care, fertiliser & pesticides improve the quantity and quality of crop |
| Three disadvantages of monoculture | - depletes soil of valuable nutrients - ground water contamination - high use of synthetic fertilizers |
| The goal of sustainable agriculture | To produce enough food to feed the world without compromising future generations |
| Three sustainable agricultural practices | - crop rotation - natural predators - hand-pulling weeds |
| Four types of materials made from plant fibres | Paper, cardboard, rope, fabric |
| Ligin | A substance in plants that holds strands inside cellulose molecules together |
| The highest quality of rope in the world is made from: | Indian hemp |
| Linen is made from | flax plants |
| Timber | Wood that is intended to be used for carpentry or construction |
| Why do plants produce chemicals? | - To attract pollinators - Repel threats (fungi, insects, herbivores) |
| Humans extract chemicals from plants for: | medicines, perfumes, dyes |
| What percentage of prescription medicine contains plant extracts? | 25% |
| How does deforestation affect pharmaceuicals? | Threatens undiscovered species that might help fight many medical conditions that are currently untreatable |
| The survival rate of Hodgkin's disease patients changes from less than 20% to over 90% when: | vincristine and vinblastine were discovered from the rosy periwinkle plant |
| Ginseng can be used to improve the function of the: | immune system |
| Goldenseal is used for what? | Fighting colds and as a mouthwash |
| Biofuels | Fuels produced from renewable biological sources such as crops and crop residues (corn, sugar cane, wood residue) |
| Soil erosion | A naturally occurring process in which the actions of wind and water remove the top, most fertile layers of soil |
| Two problems associated with soil erosion | - Fertile topsoil that is critical to good crop growth is difficult to replace - the movement of eroded soil can wash down embankments and make roads impassable, and redirect streams |
Created by:
c4larissa
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