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IES Exam 1 Lecture 6

Atmospheric Forces and Motion

TermDefinition
What Does Atmospheric Circulation Do? Transports heat energy Transports water Weather Extreme Events
Atmospheric Circulation Driven By: Gravity, Buoyancy, Pressure Gradient Force, Coriolis Force, Friction
Pressure-Density Gradient Gravity pulls air down Atmospheric pressure pushes back
Gravity and Buoyancy Less dense air rises More dense air sinks
Buoyancy > gravity Less dense air rises
Gravity > buoyancy More dense air sinks
PG Force Pushes air down gradient High -> low pressure
Fastest Winds When PG is steep
Coriolis Force Causes deflection of moving objects
Coriolis N. Hemisphere Deflection R
Coriolis S. Hemisphere Deflection L
Momentum Mass x Velocity Conserved in closed system
Angular Momentum Movement around rotational point Angular Velocity x Mass
Angular Velocity Further from center = higher
Coriolis Origin Earth's rotation Conservation of Momentum
Angular Velocity and Momentum at Equator Higher
Coriolis Consequences Flying objects will have momentum of starting location Causes Deflection
Coriolis at Equator Zero Deflection
Coriolis Strength Proportional to velocity of moving objects Proportional to Latitude
Faster Objects Deflected more
Coriolis Latitude Strongest at high latitudes Zero at Equator
Vorticity Local Spin
Vorticity at Equator Very low/Zero
Vorticity at Poles High vorticity Lots of daily spin
Friction Slows objects Acts opposite to direction of travel
Upper Atmosphere Friction Very low
Friction on Earth's Surface Significant
Geostrophic Flow Wind patterns that result from interaction between Coriolis and PG Foce
Air Direction in Geostrophic Flow Parallel to gradient, not across
PG and Coriolis in Geostrophic Flow Two forces are equal
Winds and Isobars Winds are NOT perpendicular to isobars Angle is oblique- ish
High Pressure Zones Air flows outwards (diverges) Anti-Cyclonic Rotation
Anti-Cyclonic Rotation Clockwise in N. Hemisphere H Pressure Zones
Low Pressure Zones Air flows inwards (converges) Cyclonic Rotation
cyclonic Rotation Counterclockwise in N. Hemisphere L Pressure Zones
Created by: Eliana.s
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