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Mock Exam Questions
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The mass number is defined as the total number of __________ of an atom | protons and neutrons |
| The first energy shell of an atom contains a maximum of ________ electron(s). | two |
| An element is found to have atoms with eight electrons in its valence shell. The atoms will be ____ | chemically stable |
| In a covalent bond, atoms | share electrons |
| In an ionic bond, | atoms, having gained or lost electrons, attract one another with opposite charges. |
| Algal phytoplankton are single-celled water organisms that can do photosynthesis like plants. In a lake, summer growth of phytoplankton can change the water pH from pH 7.2 to 6.2. This change indicates all of these except | the water at pH 6.2 has twice the hydrogen (H+) concentration as before the phytoplankton growth. |
| Blood pH is closely maintained at a pH of 7.4. A patient whose blood pH drops below 7.35 is suffering from metabolic acidosis and can go into a coma. What happens to the concentration of H+ ions in a patient with a blood pH of 6.4? | H+ concentration is increased 10-fold |
| Which is not a lipid? | a starch |
| The primary building block (monomer) of proteins is | an amino acid. |
| The bond that builds amino acid monomers into protein polymers is | a covalent bond also known as a peptide bond |
| The three major components in a nucleotide are | a nitrogen base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group |
| If a carbohydrate polymer is limited to two monomer units, such as sucrose made from glucose and fructose, it is called | a disaccharide |
| The primary structural molecule composing a cell membrane is a(n) | phospholipid molecule |
| Which of the following organelles are cellular digestion centers? | lysosomes and peroxisomes |
| Liver cells help clean your blood with a wide range of digestive enzymes that hydrolyze toxic molecules. The liver cells would have ____, which are organelles specialized to do this. | peroxisomes |
| You have macrophage white blood cells that can respond to injury and infection by moving to the site of the wound. They can ingest infectious bacteria or virus, and digest the organic molecules of what they take in. The digestion organelle they have is | lysosome |
| A wild duck needs a steady supply of energy to be able to fly for hours. Domesticated chickens rarely fly. As a result you would expect to find _____ in the breast muscles of wild ducks than domesticated chickens. | more mitochondria |
| In muscle contraction, ____ and myosin filaments slide across each other. | actin |
| Oxidation means | the loss of electrons from a molecule |
| Reduction means | the gain of electrons by a molecule |
| The molecule that fits into the active site of an enzyme and reacts with the enzyme is | a substrate |
| Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs | when a substance other than the substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme |
| Noncompetitive inhibition of enzymes occurs | when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site |
| Simple diffusion | does not require energy |
| The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable (biological) membrane is | osmosis |
| If a cell has a greater concentration of solute than its environment, the cell | s hypertonic to the environment |
| If the environment surrounding a cell has a lower concentration of solute than the cell, the | environment is hypotonic to the cell |
| If a cell has a 95% concentration of water in its cytoplasm and the environment surrounding the cell has a 90% concentration of water, water will flow | out of the cell by osmosis |
| Phagocytosis of an infective bacterium by a white blood cell is a subset type of | endocytosis |
| Plants require energy to perform photosynthesis, in which glucose is formed from carbon dioxide and water, and stores energy. This is a(n) _____ reaction. | endergonic |
| The molecular reactants for photosynthesis are | water and carbon dioxide |
| Once ATP donates its phosphate to a coupled reaction it becomes ADP. The ADP | can be recharged in an endergonic reaction to form ATP |
| The primary pigment molecule needed for photosynthesis is | chlorophyll a |
| The organelle that carries out photosynthesis in plants is the | chloroplast |
| In plant cells, a membrane studded with photosynthetic pigments would be the | granum |
| Examples of accessory pigments for photosynthesis are | chlorophyll b and carotenoids |
| Photosystem I and photosystem II are respectively part of | the light reactions only |
| Tiny openings in the leaf epidermis that allow air exchange in and out of the leaf are | stomata |
| Which plants keep their stomata open only at night? | CAM |
| When a plant encounters hot, dry conditions of stress, the | stomata close, decreasing gas exchange |
| During glycolysis molecules of glucose are | broken down by enzymes to form two molecules of pyruvate |
| Glycolysis of a glucose molecule | produces a net gain of two molecules of ATP |
| The three main biochemical pathways of cellular respiration are | glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport |
| Glycolysis occurs in the | cytoplasm |
| The electrons that are transferred during cellular respiration are carried in the electron carrier molecules | NADH and FADH2 |
| In a eukaryotic cell, the Krebs cycle occurs in the | mitochondria |
| The enzyme that forms a transport channel in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and phosphorylates ADP is | ATP synthase |
| In glycolysis the net number of NADH produced is | 2 |
| The compound that enters the Krebs cycle as a reactant is | Acetyl CoA |
| Muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to | generate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen. |
| Alcoholic fermentation | produces ethanol, is carried out by yeasts, produces far less ATP than aerobic respiration |
| Cyanide and carbon monoxide block the final step in the electron transport chain. What effect would this have on ATP production in the mitochondria? | ATP production would decrease, because electrons would not move through the electron transport chain and reduce oxygen. |
| During fermentation, ___ ATP can be produced per glucose, compared with ____ by aerobic respiration | 2;36 |
| If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of 5'-ATGTGCC-3' the complementary strand of DNA will read | 3'-TACACGG-5' |
Created by:
coralis
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