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Rocks & Minerals
Question | Answer |
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What are the 5 characteristics that a substance must have in order to be classified as a mineral? | Solid, Crystalline Structure, Definite Chemical Composition, Naturally Occuring, Inorganic |
What the characteristic solid mean? | definite volume and shape; particles are packed tightly together so they cannot move |
What does the characteristic crystalline structure mean? | has a repeating pattern of particles...all minerals are crystals |
What does the charcteristic definite chemical composition mean? | a mineral always contains certain elements in a specific ratio. |
What does the characteristic naturally occuring mean? | it is formed by processes that occur in nature |
What does the characteristic inorganic mean? | material did NOT form from materials that were once part of a living organism. |
What are the 8 different physical properties you can use to identify a mineral? | Color, color of steak, luster, density, hardness, crystal systems, cleavage or fracture, special properties. |
Why do some minerals have large crystals and some have small crystals? | Magma in the ground cools slower which allows larger crystals because there is more time to add atoms to the crystal pattern. When lava cools on the surface it cools much faster, which means smaller crystals. |
What steps take place in order for a sedimentary rock to be formed? | Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation |
What happens in Erosion? | running water, wind, or ice loosen and carry away fragments of rock. |
What happens in Deposition? | sediments settle out of the water or the wind carrying it. |
What happens in Compaction? | this process presses sediments together. |
What happens in Cementation? | dissolved particles crystalize and they glue particles of sediment together. |
How does an igneous rock form? | from magma or lava |
How does a metamorphich rock form? | heat and pressure |
What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? | minerals make up rocks, rocks are made from more than one mineral |