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0E-Gravity-SolarSys

Gravity & the Solar System

QuestionAnswer
acceleration due to gravity 9.8 m/s/s - every second, a falling object will travel faster than it was a second ago. On Earth objects fall 9.5 meters per second faster every second
accretion growing in size due to the gradual accumulation of layers
Astronomical Unit (AU) the mean (average) distance from the center of the Earth to the center of the Sun.
Big Bang Theory a theory that says the universe began as a small point that expanded rapidly about 13.7 billion years ago
escape velocity the lowest velocity a body must have in order to escape the gravitational attraction of a particular planet
force a push or pull that can change the motion of an object
gravity a distortion of space (spacetime) caused by the presence of matter or energy (Einstein’s theory)
inertia the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
light year the distance that light travels in one year
mass a measure of how much matter is in a substance
model a three-dimensional representation of something, typically on a smaller scale than the original
Newton SI unit of measurement for weight
orbit a curved path followed by an object as it revolves around another object
bound orbit Orbit in which an makes multiple (or continuous) loops around another object
unbound orbit Smaller object is attracted to bigger object, but not enough to begin to orbit
minimal orbital speed The slowest orbital speed an object can have and still stay in orbit – orbit is circular
preferred orbital direction The direction that the majority (often all) of the orbiting objects are traveling (clockwise or counter-clockwise)
scale an accurate representation of something which has been either reduced or enlarged from its original size keeping the proportions accurate
terminal velocity the constant speed a falling object reaches when it cannot accelerate any further due to resistance
velocity speed with direction
weight the heaviness of an object – how much gravity is pulling on an object’s mass
asteroid large and small rocks or metallic masses orbiting the sun
asteroid belt the space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in which most asteroids are found
comet a celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near the sun, a “tail” of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun
dust tiny particles of matter floating in space, condenses under gravity to form stars and planets
galaxy a large grouping of stars in a space
gas a form of matter with indefinite shape and volume
Kuiper Belt a region beyond the orbit of Neptune believed to contain many comets, asteroids, and other small bodies made largely of ice
Kuiper Belt object ice-rock bodies that inhabit the outer Solar System
Milky Way a spiral galaxy that contains our Solar System along with several hundred billion stars
moon a celestial body that revolves around a planet
Oort Cloud a theoretical concept of a cloud of predominantly icy planetesimals proposed to surround the Sun at distances ranging from 2,000 to 200,000 AU
planet any of the large celestial bodies that revolve around the Sun in the solar system
satellite a natural or artificial body in orbit around Earth or another planet
solar system the Sun and the planets and other celestial bodies that are held by their gravitational attraction and revolve around the Sun
star a large, spherical celestial body consisting of a mass of gas that is hot enough to sustain nuclear fusion and thus produce radiant energy
stellar system a star with one or more objects in orbit around it – (the second object could be another star, multiple stars, planets, etc.)
sun the luminous star around which Earth and other planets revolve; composed mainly of hydrogen and helium
Popular Earth Science sets

 



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